滇中高原不同土地利用类型土壤侵蚀对养分流失的影响  

Effects of Soil Erosion on Nutrient Loss under Different Land Use Types in the Central Yunnan Plateau

作　　者：冯婷婷 郭锁娜 郑阳 张丽娟[1] 向萍 脱云飞[1] FENG Tingting;GUO Suona;ZHENG Yang;ZHANG Lijuan;XIANG Ping;TUO Yunfei(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学水土保持学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期175-183,共9页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979134,51779113);云南省农业联合专项面上项目(202101BD070001-077);云南省基础研究重点项目(CB22052C055A);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2021J0164);四川省栗子坪国家级自然保护区陆生动物生境调查研究(2021ZD0125);云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室开放基金项目(202105AG070002);西南林业大学环境污染与食品安全及人体健康省创新团队(202005AE160017)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究滇中高原不同土地利用类型水土流失的变化规律,揭示不同土地利用类型下土壤侵蚀对养分流失的影响。【方法】采用熵权法和TOPSIS法,对2018—2020年云南省昆明市晋宁区大春河小流域林地、园地、荒草地、耕地和裸地的水土流失与土壤养分数据进行分析,明确不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀对养分流失的影响。【结果】林地、园地、耕地和裸地间的泥沙量、径流量、径流深和径流系数差异显著(P<0.05);7—9月地表产流径流快,侵蚀泥沙量大,其径流量、泥沙量、径流深和径流系数均高于其他月。不同土地利用类型保水保肥能力的综合排名依次为园地、林地、荒草地、耕地、裸地,贴合度分别为0.6060、0.5330、0.4560、0.3700、0.3680。园地和林地的土壤养分流失最少,裸地的水土流失与土壤养分流失最严重。不同土地利用类型与有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮、容重、含水率、径流量、泥沙量、径流深和径流系数呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。【结论】土地利用类型和降雨是水土流失的关键因素,土壤侵蚀是影响土壤养分流失的主要因素。[Purpose]To study the patterns of soil and water loss under different land use types in the central Yunnan Plateau,and to reveal the effects of soil erosion on nutrient loss under different land use types.[Methods]Using the entropy weight method and TOPSIS method,data of soil and water loss and soil nutrients from forest land,orchard land,barren grassland,farmland,and bare land in the Dachun River watershed of Jinning District,Kunming City,Yunnan Province,from 2018 to 2020 were analyzed to determine the effects of soil erosion on nutrient loss under different land use types.[Results]There were significant differences in sediment yield,runoff volume,runoff depth,and runoff coefficient among forest land,orchard land,farmland,and bare land(P<0.05).From July to September,surface runoff and sediment yield were high,with higher runoff volume,sediment yield,runoff depth,and runoff coefficient than in other months.The comprehensive ranking of land use types for water and soil conservation was orchard land,forest land,barren grassland,farmland,and bare land,with fit degree of 0.6060,0.5330,0.4560,0.3700,and 0.3680,respectively.Soil nutrient loss was minimal in orchard land and forest land,while bare land experienced the most severe soil and nutrient loss.Different land use types were extremely significantly correlated with organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,bulk density,moisture content,runoff volume,sediment yield,runoff depth,and runoff coefficient(P<0.01).[Conclusion]Land use type and rainfall are the main factors affecting soil and water loss,with soil erosion being the primary factor influencing soil nutrient levels.

关 键 词：径流量 泥沙量 土壤养分 土地利用类型 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]