基于激光点云技术的机床夹具设计与改进  

Design and improvement of machine tool fixturebased on laser point cloud technology

作　　者：刘兆亮 杜龙龙[2] 王荣扬[3] 赵文超 LIU Zhaoliang;DU Longlong;WANG Rongyang;ZHAO Wenchao(School of Science,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China;School of Information Engineering and Internet of Things,Huzhou Vocational and Technical College,Huzhou 313000,China;Dean’s Office,Huzhou Vocational and Technical College,Huzhou 313000,China;School of Electronic Information,Huzhou College,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院理学院,湖州313000 [2]湖州职业技术学院信息工程与物联网学院,湖州313000 [3]湖州职业技术学院教务处,湖州313000 [4]湖州学院电子信息学院,湖州313000

出　　处：《激光技术》2024年第4期597-602,共6页Laser Technology

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划资助项目(LGN18E050002);浙江省普通本科高校“十四五”教学改革项目(jg20220707)。

摘　　要：为了解决传统机床夹具通用性不高、多次对刀和装夹带来误差和效率较低的问题,提出了一种基于点云逆向建模技术的机床夹具改进方案。通过在夹具两侧加装激光扫描仪以获取工件和夹具的3维点云信息,分别采用曲率判别算法和基于粒子群搜索的迭代最近点算法对其进行去噪处理和坐标配准,建立工件与机床一体的3维空间坐标;最后根据参考点的点云坐标计算空间坐标系与机床坐标系的偏移量,将获得的偏移值录入数控系统进行加工。结果表明,改进后的夹具在加工工序较为复杂的零件时,可以有效减少对刀和装夹次数,总体工效提升约30%。该研究对于提升加工面较多、工序较为复杂零件的加工效率具有一定的参考价值。In order to solve the problem of low generality of traditional machine tool fixtures,errors and low efficiency caused by multiple tool settings and installation,an improvement scheme of machine tool clamping based on point cloud reverse modeling technology is proposed.By installing a laser scanner on both sides of the fixture to obtain the 3-D point cloud information of the workpiece and the fixture,the curvature discrimination algorithm and iterative closest point algorithm based on particle swarm search were used to denoise and coordinate registration,and the 3-D space coordinates of the workpiece and the machine tool were established.Finally,the offset between the space coordinate system and the machine coordinate system was calculated according to the point cloud coordinate of the reference point,and the offset value was entered into the computerized numerical control system for machining.The experimental results show that the improved fixture can effectively reduce the number of tool settings and clamping,and the overall efficiency is increased by about 30%.The research has a certain reference value for improving the processing efficiency of parts with more machining surfaces and more complicated processes.

关 键 词：激光技术 机床夹具 点云逆向建模 迭代最近点配准算法 工效提升 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学] TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]