多元化与内卷化:大学生就业意愿变化的趋势分析(2015—2023年)  

Diversification and Involution:Trend Analysis of Changes in Employment Intention of College Students(2015—2023)

作　　者：刘保中[1,2] 臧小森 LIU Baozhong;ZANG Xiaosen(Institute of Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;School of Sociology and Ethnology,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;School of Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院大学社会与民族学院,北京102488 [3]中国社会科学院大学经济学院,北京102488

出　　处：《北京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期21-33,共13页Journal of Beijing University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(19BSH045);中国社会科学院重大经济社会调查项目(2024ZDDC005);中国社会科学院大学校级科研项目(20220099)。

摘　　要：大学生就业意愿是青年职业价值观的重要部分,是理解大学生就业选择、预测大学生就业行为的重要前提。近些年尤其是高等教育进入普及化阶段以来,大学生就业形势面临着外部环境和内部结构的诸多新不利因素,大学生就业意愿也呈现出新的特征和发展趋势。使用2015—2023年中国大学生追踪调查(PSCUS)数据,对大学生就业意愿的新特征、新趋势、影响机制及其变迁进行分析。研究发现,近10年大学生就业意愿总体上呈现多元化选择趋势,同时也体现出“升学内卷”和“体制内卷”的特征。宏观外部环境、大学生家庭资本和个体人力资本的差异均影响到了大学生就业意愿的分化。大学生就业意愿的变化对其顺利就业的负面影响需要引起足够重视。The employment intention of college students is an important part of the professional values of young people,and is an important prerequisite for understanding their employment choices and predicting their employment behavior.In recent years,especially since the popularization of higher education,the employment situation of college students has faced many new unfavorable factors in the external environment and internal structure.The employment willingness of college students has also shown new characteristics and development trends.Using the data from 2015 to 2023 Panel Survey of China University Student(PSCUS),this study analyzes the new characteristics,trends,impact mechanisms,and changes of college students′employment willingness.Research has found that in the past decade,the employment willingness of college students has generally shown a trend of diversified choices,while also reflecting the characteristics of"internal competition in further education"and"internal competition within the system".The differences in macro external environment,family capital,and individual human capital among college students all affect the differentiation of their employment intentions.The negative impact of changes in the employment willingness of college students on their successful employment needs to be given sufficient attention.

关 键 词：高等教育 大学生就业意愿 家庭资本 个体人力资本 内卷化 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]