蓄势待发还是破釜沉舟:VUCA情境下创业者失败恐惧如何影响创业绩效  

Rising to the Occasion or Burning our Boats:How Entrepreneurs'Fear of Failure Influences Entrepreneurial Performance in the VUCA Context

作　　者：吕斯尧 赵文红[1] 王乐萌 LYU Siyao;ZHAO Wenhong;WANG Lemeng(School of Management,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学管理学院,西安710049

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2024年第8期182-198,共17页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(20YJA630097);陕西省软科学项目(2022KRM027)。

摘　　要：作为VUCA情境下的典型心理状态,失败恐惧可能对创业企业的战略行为及创业结果造成关键影响。然而,既有研究多局限于失败恐惧作为创业者特质在个体层面的作用,较少基于情境视角理解并探究失败恐惧的作用,且对失败恐惧在企业层面的影响关注不足。此外,既有研究多关注创业者失败恐惧带来的负面影响,对失败恐惧作用的复杂性缺少探究。基于调节焦点视角,探究了情境视角下创业者失败恐惧如何通过创新性、前瞻性和风险承担性的战略行为(即创业导向)作用于创业绩效,并从代入用户和市场视角以有效提取VUCA环境中信息的影响入手,关注了创业者认知共情的调节作用。对338位创业者及其所创办企业进行问卷调研,采用层次回归、bootstrapping法、瞬时中介检验等方法进行假设检验,结果表明:(1)创业者失败恐惧与创业绩效间存在U型关系,即失败恐惧低于某个水平时,创业绩效随着失败恐惧的降低而增加,失败恐惧高于某个水平时,创业绩效随着失败恐惧的升高而增加;(2)与失败恐惧与创业绩效之间的关系类似,失败恐惧与企业创业导向间存在U型关系,且创业导向中介了失败恐惧与创业绩效间的U型关系;(3)创业者认知共情增强了失败恐惧与创业导向间的U型关系,并增强了创业导向在失败恐惧与创业绩效间的中介作用。Compared with established firms,new ventures are constrained by the"liability of newness".Therefore,a volatile,uncertain,complex,and ambiguous(hereinafter referred to as VUCA)environment imposes great challenges to the survival and development of new ventures.The VUCA contexts engage entrepreneurs to perceive the potential threat and risk,resulting in entrepreneurs'fear of failure.Although prior research has focused on entrepreneurs'fear of failure and made several explorations around it,there are still some research gaps.First,although recent studies have pointed out the differences in understanding of fear of failure under the state perspective(i.e.,regarding fear of failure as the state that can be influenced by the surroundings)and trait perspective(i.e.,regarding fear of failure as a stable motive disposition),there are still few studies emphasizing the implication of fear of failure under the state perspective and exploring its role empirically under specific contexts such as VUCA situation.Second,extant research on fear of failure focuses more on individual-level influence while ignoring the impact of fear of failure at the firm level such as firm-level strategic actions and outcomes.Third,most existing studies regard fear of failure as a detrimental characteristic of entrepreneurs.Despite some research indicating the necessity of taking a comprehensive look at entrepreneurs'fear of failure,the illustration of complex roles of fear of failure is still lacking.Fourth,existing studies still pay little attention to entrepreneurs'ability to recognize and grasp information in the VUCA environment when exploring the role of entrepreneurs'fear of failure.To fill these research gaps,this study focuses on how entrepreneurs'fear of failure triggered by the VUCA context impacts the strategic action and growth of new ventures.Specifically,drawing on regulatory focus perspective,this study explores how fear of failure affects new venture performance,and explains the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation in the

关 键 词：失败恐惧 创业导向 创业绩效 认知共情 调节焦点 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理] F273.1[经济管理—国民经济]