包膜锌肥与石灰联合施用对水稻植株不同部位镉累积的影响  

Effects of Polymer-coated Zinc Fertilizer Combined with Liming on Cadmium Accumulation in Different Rice Tissues

作　　者：黄芸培 贺信 卢成芳[1] 张臻 丁明军[1,2] 王鹏[1,2] 聂明华[1,2] 张华 黄高翔[1,2] HUANG Yun-pei;HE Xin;LU Cheng-fang;ZHANG Zhen;DING Ming-jun;WANG Peng;NIE Ming-hua;ZHANG Hua;HUANG Gao-xiang(College of Geography and Environment,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学地理与环境学院,江西南昌330022 [2]江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第4期1120-1127,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42107034);江西省青年项目(20225BCJ23016);井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅”项目(20222-051245-03);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202210414026)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究包膜缓释锌肥及其与石灰联合施用对水稻的降镉效果。【方法】本研究制备了水基聚丙烯酸酯包膜锌肥,设计了对照(不施锌肥和石灰)、单独施用常规锌肥、包膜锌肥、石灰、常规或包膜锌肥与石灰联合施用等6个处理。通过盆栽试验研究了各处理对土壤有效锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)含量及水稻植株各部位Cd积累的影响。【结果】①基施包膜锌肥后4~50 d期间土壤水溶态Zn浓度比施用常规锌肥处理高0.56~2.96倍;相较于不施锌肥和石灰的对照处理,施用包膜锌肥使分蘖期水稻根系和茎叶Zn浓度升高35.4~36.6%,而施用石灰使分蘖期水稻根系和茎叶Zn浓度下降29.4~43.4%。②与对照处理相比,施用包膜锌肥使茎叶Cd含量下降36.4%,成熟期水稻糙米Cd浓度下降34.0%,降镉率比常规锌肥提高了9.6%。施用石灰使土壤CaCl2提取态Cd浓度下降74.7%~92.7%,但根系至糙米Cd转运系数提高了42.1%,糙米Cd浓度仅下降43.1%。③相较于单独施用包膜锌肥和石灰处理,包膜锌肥与石灰联合施用对水稻糙米的降镉率分别提升了25.1%和16.0%,表现出明显的协同作用。【结论】包膜锌肥可在一定程度上延长外源锌在土壤中的有效期,强化水稻全生育期Zn-Cd拮抗作用,对水稻的降Cd效率有一定的提升,与石灰联合施用可进一步降低水稻糙米Cd含量。[Objective]The aim was to explore the effect of polymer-coated zinc(Zn)fertilizer and its combination with lime on reducing rice cadmium (Cd).[Methods]Water-based polyacrylate-coated Zn fertilizer was prepared in this study,six treatments including the control(no application of Zn and lime),application of normal Zn,coated Zn,lime,and normal or coated zinc combined with lime were designed,to study their effects on soil available Cd and Zn and Cd accumulation in rice tissues through a pot experiment.[Results]①The concentration of soil dissolved Zn was 0.56-2.96 times higher than that of normal zinc fertilizer treatment from day 4 to 50,compared with the control with no addition of Zn and lime.Zn concentrations of tillering roots and shoots were increased by 35.4-36.6%in coated zinc treatment,but decreased by 29.4-43.4%in lime treatment.②Compared with the control,coated Zn treatment reduced tilling shoot and brown rice Cd by 36.4%and 34.0%.This reduction was 9.6%higher than that of normal Zn treatment.Lime treatment greatly decreased soil CaCl2-extractable Cd by 74.7-92.7%,but the translocation factor of Cd from the root to brown rice was increased by 42.1%,thus brown rice Cd was decreased by only 43.1%.③Compared with the application of coated Zn or lime alone,the reduction rate of brown rice Cd was elevated by 25.1%or 16.0%in their combination treatment,revealing an obvious synergistic effect.[Conclusion]Coated Zn fertilizer can extend the lifespan of exogenous Zn in the soil,and enhance the antagonism of Zn and Cd to a certain extent during the whole growth period of rice,resulting in a higher reduction of brown rice Cd.This reduction could be further elevated by the combined application of lime and coated zinc.

关 键 词：镉污染 缓释锌 钝化 水稻糙米 转运 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S511[农业科学—作物学]