运动训练学视角下传统武术技击的现代转型  

Modern Transformation of the Art of Attack and Defense in Traditional Wushu from the Perspective of Sports Training Science

作　　者：刘文武 LIU Wenwu(School of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241

出　　处：《上海体育大学学报》2024年第9期71-77,96,共8页Journal of Shanghai University of Sport

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题一般项目(2021BTY002);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2023ECNU-YYJ018)。

摘　　要：基于运动训练学视角,从练什么、怎么练、练多少3个维度对传统武术的现代转型展开讨论。认为:传统武术训练内容的驳杂造成训练缺乏针对性,在前人提出“立足单势”的基础上,应将进一步细化后符合“一个动作构成、一拍内完成、攻防属性鲜明”特点的单独招法作为传统武术训练的基本单位,使其与提升技击性的训练目标相契合;传统武术训练情境更多表现为个人化的自我练习,缺少围绕“试敌”而设计的应用性训练方法,所获能力多为碎片化运动能力,应通过借鉴和自创相结合的方式加大“人-人”对抗训练;传统武术对于训练负荷的安排具有“整体负荷偏小”“更加注重量度积累,相对忽视高强度训练”“依靠感觉把控负荷,缺乏科学量化支撑”三方面弊端,应遵循“超量恢复”规律提升整体负荷量,根据格斗对抗性运动对人体的负荷要求加大负荷强度,秉持“兼收并蓄”的理念丰富可调节性训练手段。From the perspective of sports training science,the modern transformation of traditional Wushu is discussed from the three dimensions of"what to train","how to train"and"how much to train".It is believed that:As the complex in traditional Wushu training content caused the lack of pertinence,we should,based on the proposition of"single move oriented"by predecessors,further refine it and then take the single move which is characteristic of"an action as the composition,finish with one action,and with the attribute of clear attack/defense"as the basic training unit in traditional Wushu training content,thus to enhance its training target.When the traditional Wushu training situation is more personal self practice,lacking applied training methods designed for"enemy confront"thus to lead to a fragmented motor ability acquisition,the methods of references from others and self-creation should be proposed to strengthen the"person-to-person"confrontation training.The training load in traditional Wushu has such disadvantages as"small overall load","more attention to the amount accumulation than to high intensity training"and the"dependence on feeling to grasp the load,lack of scientific quantitative support",and therefore,the rule of"excessive recovery"should be followed to increase the overall load of traditional Wushu training,the training intensity be strengthened according to the loading requirements of combating sports,and the inclusive concept be upheld to enrich the more adjustable training means.

关 键 词：传统武术 运动训练学 现代转型 训练内容 训练方法 训练负荷 

分 类 号：G852[文化科学—民族体育]