北京森林群落物种多样性、生物量及关系分析  

Species diversity, biomass, and their relationship in the mountainous areas of Beijing

作　　者：张蔷 李令军 陈韵如 鹿海峰 刘保献 赵文慧 苏日娜 ZHANG Qiang;LI Ling-jun;CHEN Yun-run;LU Hai-feng;LIU Bao-xian;ZHAO Wen-hui;SU Ri-na(Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境监测中心,北京100048

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第9期5180-5191,共12页China Environmental Science

摘　　要：为了解温带次生林物种多样性、生物量特征及其相关关系,本研究以北京山地森林群落为研究对象,布设151块样地进行实地调查.结果显示:(1)森林群落151块样地中共出现植物399种,隶属于228属91科,菊科、蔷薇科和禾本科等为优势科.(2)森林群落垂直结构分层明显,不同层片间物种多样性表现为乔木层最低,灌木层和草本层较高.(3)在9个森林群落类型中,山杨林、核桃楸林、黑桦林和华北落叶松林物种丰富度较高,样地平均物种数在36种以上;其次是白桦林和蒙古栎林;油松林、栓皮栎林和蒙椴林较低,平均物种数在22~29之间.(4)森林群落乔木地表生物量介于3.00~25.00kg/m^(2)之间,平均值为12.73kg/m^(2),针叶林生物量密度高于阔叶林,森林年龄结构以中龄林为主,未来具有较大的碳汇潜力.(5)回归分析显示北京森林物种多样性与生物量呈显著负相关,但是物种多样性对生物量的影响主要是通过与物种特性和环境因素的共同效应起作用,其对生物量的独立解释度非常微弱.由于物种多样性与生物量之间的关系很可能会被非生物因素和生物因素的强烈影响所掩盖,建议未来的研究中应全面考虑环境因素、物种特性及管理措施等方面的综合影响.The relationship between species diversity and ecosystem function is one of the key issues in ecological research. Biomass is an important modality of ecosystem function. This study investigated 151 forest plots in the mountainous areas of Beijing, in order to understand the species diversity, biomass, and their relationship of the temperate secondary forest communities in Beijing. The results showed that the investigated plants belong to 399 species under 228 genera and 91 families. The vertical structure of forest communities was clearly stratified, and the species diversity of different layers generally presented that tree layer was the lowest,while shrub layer and herb layer were relatively close. Among the 9 forest community types, the species richness of Populus davidiana, Juglans mandshurica, Betula dahurica and Larix principis-rupprechtii communities were relatively high, followed by the Betula platyphylla and Quercus mongolica communities. The Pinus tabuliformis, Quercus variabilis and Tilia mongolica communities were relatively low, with an average number of plant species under 29. The aboveground biomass of forest communities varied from 3.00~25.00kg/m^(2), with an average of 12.73kg/m^(2). The biomass density of coniferous forest was higher than that of broad-leaved forest, with a values of 15.92kg/m^(2) and 11.46kg/m^(2), respectively. The age structure of forests were mainly middle-aged forests, which have significant carbon sequestration potential in the future. Species diversity displayed a significantly negative correlation with biomass. However, the effect of species diversity on biomass mainly through their shared effects with species properties and environmental factors, and the independent effect of species diversity was quite weak. Because the relationship between species diversity and biomass can be strongly confounded by covarying biotic and abiotic factors, we suggest that the efffects of environmental factors, species properties and management practices on biomass should be comprehensive

关 键 词：物种多样性 生物量 温带次生林 北京山地 植物群落 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]