《纯粹理性批判》的前夜——康德“十年沉寂”考  

The Eve of the Critique of Pure Reason:Kant's Silent Decade

作　　者：马彪 Ma Biao

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学政治学院

出　　处：《理论月刊》2024年第8期139-149,160,共12页Theory Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“康德批判哲学的宗教之维研究”(20FZXB028);南京农业大学资助项目“马克思之德国古典哲学渊源考:恶之检讨”。

摘　　要：康德在1770至1781年“十年沉寂”期间,除了发表3篇小文章之外没有任何重要作品问世,原因是此时的他正在筹划、写作《纯粹理性批判》。关于这一历史事实,人们没有大的争议。不过,对于他何以要在这一时段写作第一批判,以及如何写作第一批判的问题,后世学者鲜有论及。虽然亦有康德传记作家翔实记录过他人际交往等方面的生活琐事,但对其哲学义理与理论演化的分辨梳理并不多见。然而,这一时段的积淀对康德思想形成的重要性是不容置疑的。借助对康德在这一时期的往来书信、思想札记等材料的考证,人们不难发现:他在形而上学、道德哲学以及宗教学说等方面的思考,不仅直接塑造了第一批判的理论架构和基本内容,还间接影响到了批判哲学时期的诸多作品。During the so-called Silent Decade from 1770 to 1781,Kant produced no important works except for three short articles,because he was planning and writing the Critique of Pure Reason.There is no great dispute about this fact.However,later scholars have rarely discussed why he wrote the First Critique in this period and how he wrote it.Although some Kant biographers have recorded some of his personal communication with others,the interpretation on his philosophical thought and theoretical evolution is rare.However,this period of thought was extremely important to Kant.In fact,with the aid of Kant's letters and notes in this period,it will not be difficult for us to find his contributions in metaphysics,moral philosophy and religious thinking,which not only directly shapes the First Critical theory structure and its basic content,but also indirectly affects many works and ideas in the period of critical philosophy.

关 键 词：前批判哲学时期 《纯粹理性批判》 认识论 道德形而上学 道德宗教 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]