果园风送式喷雾机在现代矮砧苹果园的喷施效果评价  

Evaluation of spraying efficacy of the air-assisted orchard sprayer in modern dwarfing-rootstock apple orchard

作　　者：朱力争 王涛[2] 王丹[2] 余贤美[2] 翟浩[2] ZHU Lizheng;WANG Tao;WANG Dan;YU Xianmei;ZHAI Hao(Feixian Fruit Tea Service in Shandong Province,Feixian 273400,Shandong,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省费县果茶服务中心,山东费县273400 [2]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第9期1821-1828,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-27);山东省重点研发计划(2017CXGC0214)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究风送式塔型喷雾机在矮砧宽行密植苹果园中的施药效果,优化施药参数,为现代矮砧苹果园农药施用“减量增效”提供理论参考。【方法】以5年生烟富3苹果为试验材料,采用水敏纸雾滴测试卡测定3WF-1000风送式塔型喷雾机雾滴粒径、雾滴密度与覆盖率,并利用示踪剂诱惑红测定喷雾机的药液沉积量及地面沉积量。【结果】在5年生现代矮砧宽行密植苹果园中,喷雾机在不同牵引速度下的雾滴特性差异显著,与牵引速度为1.16 m·s^(-1)(4.18 km·h^(-1))时相比,牵引速度为1.77 m·s-(16.37 km·h^(-1))时的雾滴覆盖率和雾滴粒径由62.19%和142.67μm下降到57.03%和131.67μm,而雾滴密度由141.72点·cm^(-2)增加到179.86点·cm^(-2);牵引速度为1.77 m·s^(-1)时的叶面平均沉积量、地面沉积量和农药利用率分别为0.24μg·cm^(-2)、0.55μg·cm^(-2)和47.1%,均高于1.16 m·s^(-1)时(分别为0.22μg·cm^(-2)、0.43μg·cm^(-2)和43.7%)。【结论】3WF-1000型风送式喷雾机两个牵引速度(1.16 m·s^(-1)和1.77 m·s^(-1))的雾滴特性均能满足矮砧宽行密植苹果园病虫害的防治要求,喷雾机在牵引速度1.77 m·s^(-1)时农药利用率更高,但易导致土壤流失率增高。【Objective】Combining good application technology with advanced application machinery,optimizing parameters such as droplet size,spray volume and traction speed can give full play to the performance of application instruments,improve the utilization rate of pesticides,and achieve precise prevention and control.However,the normative evaluation of the application efficacy of modern machinery,and the reference of the measure adjustment and the equipment improvement are lacking.This research aimed to investigate the spraying effect of air-assisted sprayer,optimize application parameters by comparing and analyzing the changes of droplet characteristics,droplet deposition distribution and ground loss rate of 3WF-1000 air-assisted tower sprayer in the apple orchard with wide planting rows and dwarfing rootstocks,so as to provide theoretical reference for pesticide application“reducing quantity and increasing efficiency”in modern dwarfing-rootstock apple orchards.【Methods】Five-year-old Yanfu 3 apple cultivar with spindle-shaped canopy was used as experimental material.The spacing between plants and rows were(1.25-1.50)m×4.5 m,respectively.The volume median diameter(VMD),droplet density and droplet coverage of the 3WF-1000 air-assisted tower sprayer were tested by watersensitive paper,and the foliar deposition and ground deposition were tested by tracer agent allura red.A row with the length of 50 m was selected as the test plot and three discontinuous apple trees were randomly selected as sampling points.In order to investigate the droplet characteristics,the canopy was vertically divided into upper(2.0 m),middle(1.5 m)and lower(1.0 m)layers,and five points were selected as distribution sample points in the east,south,west,north and middle of each canopy.A paper clip was used to fix each water-sensitive paper with the detection face down.To investigate the ground loss rate,a dish was placed in each of four directions(east,south,west and north),30 cm away from the trunk.20 g of allura red was fully dissolved i

关 键 词：果园 风送式喷雾机 雾滴密度 雾滴覆盖率 雾滴粒径 利用率 流失率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]