上清仙传的文本结构与修仙之道  

The Textual Structure of Shangqing Immortal Biographies and the Way of Seeking Immortals

作　　者：陈斯怀[1] Chen Sihuai(College of Chinese and Literature,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学文学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期121-132,共12页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“汉魏六朝仙传文体研究”(21BZW086)。

摘　　要：道教上清经派在东晋逐渐兴起,为宣扬上清信仰、阐明修仙之道,出现了一批单篇流传、教内秘授、结构复杂、文辞繁缛的上清仙传。这类仙传在以传主为主体的事迹中嵌入他人事迹,形成传中有传的嵌套结构,以此建构仙道传授谱系,塑造仙道的历史语境和真实性。在编缀方式上,上清仙传以叙事性文本为基础,交互编入经诀、科仪、仙方、仙歌、经目等类型各异的文本,表现出杂糅的结构特征,被赋予多面修仙指南的功能。阶位层升是上清仙传内在的主体结构,它以思理的方式主导整篇传记的撰述,与之相应的是修仙的历程呈现为从低级到高级的序列。嵌套、杂糅、阶位层升等文本结构都有其传统资源,上清仙传兼用诸法,开拓新境,推动了单篇传记文本结构的复杂化。The Taoist Shangqing School gradually rose in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.In order to publicize the belief of Shangqing School and clarify the way of becoming immortals,a number of circulated single-article and complex-structured Shangqing immortal biographies were produced.This kind of immortal biography embeds other people′s deeds in the deeds with the preacher as the main body,forming an embedded structure,so as to construct the imparting pedigree of immortal way and shape the historical context and authenticity of it.In the way of compilation,they are based on narrative texts,and different types of texts such as scriptures,rituals,immortal prescriptions,immortal songs and bibliographies are compiled in biographies,showing mixed structural characteristics,and biographies are endowed with the function of a guide to seeking immortals.The ascension of ranks is the internal main structure of Shangqing immortal biographies,which dominates the writing of the whole biography in a rational way.Correspondingly,the process of seeking immortals presents a sequence from low level to high level.Textual structures such as embedding,mixing and rank ascending all have their traditional resources,and Shangqing immortal biographies use all kinds of methods to promote the complexity of the textual structure of a single biography.

关 键 词：上清经派 仙传 文本结构 修仙 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]