Water consumption and biodiversity:Responses to global emergency events  

水资源与生物多样性对全球紧急事件的响应机制

作　　者：Dandan Zhao Junguo Liu Laixiang Sun Klaus Hubacek Stephan Pfister Kuishuang Feng Heran Zheng Xu Peng Daoping Wang Hong Yang Lei Shen Fei Lun Xu Zhao Bin Chen Marko Keskinen Shaohui Zhang Jialiang Cai Olli Varis 赵丹丹;刘俊国;孙来祥;Klaus Hubacek;Stephan Pfister;冯奎双;郑赫然;彭旭;王道平;杨红;沈镭;伦飞;赵旭;陈斌;Marko Keskinen;张少辉;蔡佳亮;Olli Varis

机构地区：[1]Water&Development Research Group,Department of Built Environment,Aalto University,Espoo 15200,Finland [2]School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China [3]School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China [4]Department of Geographical Sciences,University of Maryland,College Park 20742,USA [5]School of Finance and Management,SOAS,University of London,London WC1H0XG,UK [6]Integrated Research on Energy,Environment and Society,Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen,University of Groningen,Groningen 9747AG,the Netherlands [7]ETH Zurich,Institute of Environmental Engineering,Zurich 8093,Switzerland [8]The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction,University College London,London WC1E6BT,UK [9]School of Business,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China [10]Department of Computer Science and Technology,University of Cambridge,Cambridge CB21TN,UK [11]w2e Environmental Consulting GmbH,Duebendorf 8600,Switzerland [12]Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [13]College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China [14]Institute of Blue and Green Development,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China [15]Fudan Tyndall Center,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China [16]School of Economics and Management,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China [17]International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis,Laxenburg A-2361,Austria

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2024年第16期2632-2646,共15页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by Aalto University and the Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere and Watershed Water Security;Additional support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42361144001,72304112,72074136,and 72104129);the Key Program of International Cooperation,Bureau of International Cooperation,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(131551KYSB20210030).

摘　　要：Given that it was a once-in-a-century emergency event,the confinement measures related to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused diverse disruptions and changes in life and work patterns.These changes significantly affected water consumption both during and after the pandemic,with direct and indirect consequences on biodiversity.However,there has been a lack of holistic evaluation of these responses.Here,we propose a novel framework to study the impacts of this unique global emergency event by embedding an environmentally extended supply-constrained global multi-regional input-output model(MRIO)into the drivers-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR)framework.This framework allowed us to develop scenarios related to COVID-19 confinement measures to quantify country-sector-specific changes in freshwater consumption and the associated changes in biodiversity for the period of 2020-2025.The results suggest progressively diminishing impacts due to the implementation of COVID-19 vaccines and the socio-economic system’s self-adjustment to the new normal.In 2020,the confinement measures were estimated to decrease global water consumption by about 5.7% on average across all scenarios when compared with the baseline level with no confinement measures.Further,such a decrease is estimated to lead to a reduction of around 5% in the related pressure on biodiversity.Given the interdependencies and interactions across global supply chains,even those countries and sectors that were not directly affected by the COVID-19 shocks experienced significant impacts:Our results indicate that the supply chain propagations contributed to 79% of the total estimated decrease in water consumption and 84%of the reduction in biodiversity loss on average.Our study demonstrates that the MRIO-enhanced DSPIR framework can help quantify resource pressures and the resultant environmental impacts across supply chains when facing a global emergency event.Further,we recommend the development of more locally based water conservation measur

关 键 词：Global emergency events Water-biodiversity causal effect COVID-19 BIODIVERSITY MRIO-enhanced DPSIR framework Supply-chain network High-resolution water consumption dataset Supply-constrained multi-regional input-output(mixed MRIO)model 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]