运动认知神经科学研究(2012~2022):10年回顾与未来展望  

A decade of progress in sports and exercise neuroscience from 2012 to 2022:A review and perspectives

作　　者：魏高峡[1,2] 盖力锟 林萱 Gao-Xia Wei;Li-Kun Ge;Xuan Lin(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049 [3]北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京100875

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第24期3492-3514,共23页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：科学技术部“科技创新2030——脑科学与类脑研究”重大项目2030(2021ZD0200500);国家自然科学基金(31671163)资助。

摘　　要：随着脑成像技术的进步,运动认知神经科学在具身认知理论的影响下过渡到一个新的发展阶段,研究方法和研究技术上得到了开拓性变革,也引发了研究主题的进一步聚焦.运动行为所带来的广泛的脑结构和功能变化,不仅直接影响着个体行为的适应性,在提高动作观察和预期、优化表象和决策行为、促使个体拥有更多更完美的运动技能表现上扮演着关键角色,而且在促进注意、记忆和抑制控制等认知能力,改善情绪,增进身心健康领域,以及在预防疾病发生、维持大脑健康和治疗大脑疾病方面发挥着不可替代的重要作用.今后运动认知神经科学的研究应充分认识到运动行为对大脑的影响具有极其复杂的非动力特征;在解释研究发现时需要强调个体差异对多样性结果的影响;特别需要考虑身体这一主体在心理和大脑作用中的价值和作用.此外,在大数据时代,还应采取开放科学的态度,融合人工智能技术,迎接数字化带给运动认知神经科学的新挑战.With the advancement of brain imaging technologies,sports,and exercise Neuroscience has entered a new phase of development under the influence of embodied cognition theory.This transition has led to innovative changes in research methods and techniques,resulting in a more focused approach to research themes.The structural and functional changes in the brain induced by physical activity directly impact the adaptability of individual behavior.The facilitative effects of exercise on cognition,emotion,and sociability have been identified with specific neural representations in localized brain regions,circuits,networks,or overall brain architecture.Physical activity and exercise interventions are found to enhance the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex,promoting neural plasticity and improving cognitive abilities such as attention,memory,and inhibitory control.These benefits are particularly pronounced during critical periods of cognitive development in children and adolescents,as well as during cognitive decline in the elderly.Additionally,exercise can strengthen the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex and its control over the limbic system,enhancing emotional regulation capabilities.It may also directly influence emotional brain regions through bottom-up processes.Besides its role in physical and mental health,exercise also plays an irreplaceable and important role in the prevention of diseases,maintenance of brain health,and treatment of brain diseases.In the realm of competitive sports,the development of cognitive neuroscience has delved into the potential neural basis for athletes’exceptional performance.This includes exploring brain activity during motor learning,representation,observation,and decision-making processes in athletes,and attempting to explain the neural mechanisms of differences between experts and novices.These insights provide theoretical support for sports training and talent selection.Furthermore,a deeper understanding of sports and exercise neuroscience has propelled

关 键 词：运动 脑科学 脑成像技术 具身认知 身体锻炼 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] G804.8[哲学宗教—心理学]