改性载体厌氧氨氧化生物膜在浅层地下水修复中脱氮效能的模拟研究  

Simulation Study of Nitrogen Removal Efficiency of Modified Carrier Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Biofilm in Shallow Groundwater Remediation

作　　者：王俊杰 杨津津[1,2] 李绍康 侯军华 常根旺 钟根茂 邓明涛 薛毅恒 李翔[1,2] 白顺果[1] WANG Junjie;YANG Jinjin;LI Shaokang;HOU Junhua;CHANG Genwang;ZHONG Genmao;DENG Mingtao;XUE Yiheng;LI Xiang;BAI Shunguo(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Rescarch Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Urban and Rural Construction,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护地下水污染模拟与控制重点实验室,北京100012 [3]河北农业大学城乡建设学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第9期1965-1974,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护地下水模拟与控制重点实验室开放基金项目(No.2022YSKY-04-01)。

摘　　要：为探究厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)在模拟地下水环境条件下脱氮性能的研究,以人工配水为进水,采用可渗透反应墙(PRB)作为模拟装置,使用纳米零价铁(nZVI)改性生物炭(BC)(nZVI@BC)厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)生物膜作为填料,设置装置模拟温度从高温(33℃)降至实验室室温(21℃)的过程,探究降温过程中AnAOB生物膜填料对PRB装置脱氮性能的影响。结果表明:①PRB装置经过71 d的模拟运行,nZVI@BC载体AnAOB生物膜的PRB装置总氮(TIN)去除率达到82%,明显优于空白组(59.27%),且AnAOB生物膜脱氮贡献率占22.73%。②随着温度的变化,AnAOB生物膜的红色逐渐变淡,且生物膜污泥逐渐流失。③微生物群落结构表明,微生物多样性下降,优势物种在富集。从门水平上看,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)的相对丰度提升,逐步成为优势菌门,而浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度则降低。从属水平上来看,AnAOB优势属Candidatus Brocadia的相对丰度逐步提升,Candidatus Kuenenia的相对丰度则降低。研究显示,nZVI@BC载体AnAOB生物膜填料组成的生物膜微生物系统在PRB装置降温过程中维持稳定,同时AnAOB生物膜群落结构随降温过程的变化而变化,以应对降温过程中带来的不利影响。In order to study the nitrogen removal performance of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AnAOB)in a simulated groundwater environment,a permeable reactive barrier(PRB)was used as a simulation device,and artificial water distribution was used as the influent.Using nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)modified biochar(BC)(nZVI@BC)anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AnAOB)biofilm as filler,a device was set up to simulate the process of temperature reduction from high temperature(33℃)to laboratory room temperature(21℃),and the effect of the temperature reduction process of the AnAOB biofilm filler on the denitrification performance of the PRB plant was investigated.The experimental results showed that after 71 days of simulation operation of the PRB plant,the total nitrogen(TIN)removal rate of the PRB plant with nZVI@BC carrier AnAOB biofilm reached 82%,which was significantly better than the 59.27% of the blank group,and the contribution of the AnAOB biofilm to denitrification accounted for 22.73%.With the change of temperature,the red color of the AnAOB biofilm gradually faded and the biofilm sludge was gradually lost.The structure of the microbial community showed a decrease in microbial diversity and an enrichment of dominant species.At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Chloroflexi increased to became the dominant phylum,while the relative abundance of Planctomycetota and Proteobacteria decreased.At the genus level,the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia increased,and the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia decreased.In summary,the biofilm microbial system composed of nZVI@BC carrier AnAOB biofilm filler maintained stability during the cooling process of the PRB plant.At the same time,the structure of the AnAOB biofilm community changed with the cooling process to cope with the unfavorable effects off the cooling process.

关 键 词：氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N) 厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB) 填料 温度 微生物多样性 可渗透反应墙(PRB) 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]