畜禽粪污异位发酵床处理残渣组成特征研究  

Research on Composition Characteristics of Residues from Long-Term Ectopic Fermentation Bed Treatment of Livestock and Poultry Manure

作　　者：刘庆玉 美英[3] 王宪革 孙越 王玉欣 郑敬 何小松[1,2] LIU Qingyu;MEI Ying;WANG Xiange;SUN Yue;WANG Yuxin;ZHENG Jing;HE Xiaosong(State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Simulation and Control,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China;College of Energy and Power Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]生态环境部地下水污染模拟与控制重点实验室,北京100012 [3]内蒙古工业大学能源与动力工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第9期2030-2041,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(No.2022YFHH0089)。

摘　　要：异位发酵床是处理畜禽粪污的常用技术,目前针对异位发酵床的研究基本是在半年以内的短期跟踪,对于一年以上异位发酵床处理后残渣的组成特征及利用潜力仍不清楚,限制了发酵后残渣的处理和资源化利用。本研究选择浙江省3个典型养猪场,采集了畜禽粪污经异位发酵床处理半年(S1组)、1年(S2组)及2年(S3组)剩下的残渣,采用微生物高通量测序、色谱分离结合常规理化指标测试,对异位发酵床发酵剩余残渣中的微生物、无机物、重金属及有机物组成和含量进行测定,并据此评估了残渣的土地利用潜力。结果表明:长期运行下异位发酵床物料微生物趋于一致,S2组和S3组具有相似的微生物群落组成。发酵过程每日的翻抛有利于粪污中氮的转化,三组样品中溶解态NH_(4)^(+)含量均显著低于NO_(3)^(-)和NO_(2)^(-)含量;经长时间发酵,有机物降解后,无机物累积,残渣中无机盐含量增加,但其总电导率均低于3000μS/cm,处于植株安全生长范围;畜禽粪污的长期投加,有机物降解为可挥发的二氧化碳和水,重金属却只能被保留在发酵床中,不断富集和累积,但残渣中重金属含量仍低于《有机肥料》(NY/T525-2021)浓度限值,满足有机肥制作标准。三维荧光光谱及色谱分析显示,S1组和S2组残渣中腐殖质组分种类多,且含有多种小分子有机组分,而发酵2年的S3组残渣中腐殖质种类少、分子量大、结构更加单一稳定。本研究揭示了畜禽粪污长期异位发酵床处理后残渣组成特征及土地利用潜力,即经异位发酵床长期处理的畜禽粪污部分指标无法满足《畜禽粪污还田技术规范》(GB/T 25246-2010),因此无法直接还田施用,但能满足《有机肥料》(NY/T 525-2021),可制成有机肥料后还田,这为长期异位发酵床残渣的后续处理和资源化利用提供了参考。Ectopic fermentation bed is a common technology for treating livestock and poultry waste.At represent,most of the research on ectopic fermentation beds is short-term,lasting less than 6 months.The composition characteristics and utilization potential of the residue after more than one year of treatment in the ectopic fermentation bed are still unclear,which limits the processing and utilization of the fermentation residue.In this study,three typical pig farms in Zhejiang Province were selected,and the residues were collected after the livestock and poultry manure were treated in ectopic fermentation bed for 0.5 years(S1),1 year(S2),and 2 years(S3).Microbial highthroughput sequencing,chromatographic separation,and conventional physical and chemical indicators were used to determine the inorganic substances,heavy metals,and organic matter composition and content in the fermentation residue to evaluate the land use potential of the residue.The results showed that the microorganisms in the ectopic fermentation bed tended to remain consistent during long-term operation,and S2 and S3 had similar microbial community compositions.Daily flipping was beneficial for the transformation of nitrogen.The dissolved NH_(4)^(+)concentration in the three groups was significantly lower than that of NO_(3)^(-) and NO_(2)^(-).After a long-term fermentation process,organic matter degraded and inorganic matter accumulated,leading to an increase in the inorganic salt content in the residue.However,the total conductivity remained below 3000μS/cm,which is within the safe growth range for plants.Dosing livestock and poultry waste fermentation for an extended period allows for fermentation.During this process,organic matter degraded into CO_(2) and water evaporated,which lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in the fermentation bed.However,the heavy metal content in the residue was lower than the concentration limit specified in Organic Fertilizer(NY/T 525-2021),meeting the standards for organic fertilizer production.Three-dimensional fl

关 键 词：异位发酵床 微生物 溶解性有机质(DOM) 分子量排阻色谱 三维荧光光谱 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]