反思与重构:高校学位撤销的非学术标准探究  

Reflection and Reconstruction:Exploring Non-academic Standards for University Degrees Revocation

作　　者：王琦 WANG Qi

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,长沙410083 [2]广州商学院法学院 [3]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2024年第5期71-79,共9页University Education Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“类型化思维下教育法适度法典化的体系构造研究”(23YJC880159);广东省高等教育学会中外合作办学研究分会课题“粤港澳大湾区高等教育法律、政策与跨境教育市场监管协作机制研究”(GAHE23CRS007)。

摘　　要：学位撤销的非学术标准可划分为政治性标准、纪法性标准及品德性标准,具有与学术标准同等重要地位。《学位法》第37条欠缺可操作性,且非学术标准的设定权限与实施程序等问题暂付阙如,《学位法实施办法》应当依据非学术标准的类型,在行政法基本原则的规范下将兜底条款转化为列举性条款。非学术标准的设定权限应符合法律保留原则,内容应契合比例原则,并依照正当程序原则保障学位获得者的程序性权利及救济渠道。高校应根据具体情节适用信赖利益保护原则,并着力于制度保障和组织建设,采取法治化的学位纠纷解决方式。为强化对高校适用非学术标准的监督,可通过司法力量实现高校依法自主办学与学位获得者合法权益保障的动态平衡。The non-academic standards for degree revocation may include political standards,disciplinary and legal standards,and moral standards,which have equal importance as academic standards.Article 37 of the Degree Law needs to be more operable,and issues such as the authority and implementation procedures for setting non-academic standards are temporarily absent.The implementation measures for the degree law should transform the fallback clauses into enumerated clauses based on the types of non-academic standards and under the norms of the basic principles of administrative law.The authority to set non-academic standards should comply with the principle of legal reservation,the content should conform to the principle of proportionality,and degree recipients'procedural rights and remedies should be protected following the principle of due process.Universities should apply the principle of protecting trust interests based on specific circumstances,focus on institutional guarantees and organizational construction,and adopt a rule of law approach to resolve degree disputes.To strengthen the supervision of non-academic standards applied by universities,a dynamic balance is necessary through judicial power between universities'independent operation in accordance with the law and the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of degree holders.

关 键 词：学位撤销 非学术标准 学位法 学位纠纷 学位获得者 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学] G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学]