圣者尽伦与王者尽制——基于荀子统类式思维的解读  

The Sage Follows the Principles of Ethics,while The Monarch Follows the Principles Of Institution——An Interpretation Based On Xunzi's Thinking of Hierarchy of Values

作　　者：李遥 LI Yao(Institute for Adwanced Sudies of Confucianism,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《济宁学院学报》2024年第4期13-20,共8页Journal of Jining University

基　　金：2020年教育部哲学社会科学研究重大委托项目“儒家思想的当代诠释”(20JZDW010)。

摘　　要：荀子对伦理和政治价值的区隔与厘定体现了他的“统类式”思维。统类式思维侧重于寻找对象域不同部分间的整体性、关联性与一致性,探寻其间存在的统贯的价值维度,同时又注重每一价值层级对综合性价值维度的表现。藉由统类式思维,荀子从应然和实然两个层面揭示了表达个人伦理与政治价值的话语间互不统属的意义空间,以及这种不可通约性背后所隐藏的隐喻维度的差异。圣人之心在纵向展开的价值承当中体现了生命主体的强度,王者之心在横向展开的对不同个体的融摄养护中体现了生命主体的广度。“圣者尽伦”与“王者尽制”意味着道德理想与政治理想的充量实现。由此,孔孟所开辟的人格世界与政治理想通过圣者尽伦与王者尽制的不同视野获得了进一步的辩护与阐明。The distinction and definition of ethical and political values reflected Xunzi's“classification thinking”.This thinking mode emphasized finding the unity,correlation,and coherence among different parts of the object domain,exploring the consistent value dimensions that existed between them,while also highlighting the representation of each value level on the comprehensive value dimension.Through this mode of thinking,Xunzi revealed the space of meaning where expressions of personal ethics and political values existed independently from each other on the normative and empirical levels,as well as the distinctions in metaphorical dimensions hidden behind this incomparability.The heart of the sage demonstrated the strength of the life subject in the vertical expansion of value commitment,whereas the heart of the monarch embodied the breadth of the life subject in the horizontal integration and nurturing of various individuals.“The sage fulfilling all norms”and“the monarch fulfilling all regulations”signified the substantial realization of moral and political ideals.As a result,the personal realm and political ideals introduced by Confucius and Mencius were further defended and elucidated through the unique perspectives provided by the sage's fulfillment of all norms and the monarch's fulfillment of all regulations.

关 键 词：荀子 圣王 统类思维 道德 政治 

分 类 号：B222.6[哲学宗教—中国哲学]