2020-2022年全国商场超市重要公共设施消毒与微生物污染状况  

Disinfection and microbial contamination of important public facilities in shopping places in China from 2020 to 2022

作　　者：李峰 苏丽琴[1] 韩旭[1] 刘航[1] 葛覃兮[1] 李莉[1] 杜航 邵冉起 罗姣 奚伟豪 王先良[1] 姚孝元[1] LI Feng;SU Li-qin;HAN Xu;LIU Hang;GE Tan-xi;LI Li;DU Hang;SHAO Ran-qi;LUO Jiao;XI Wei-hao;WANG Xian-liang;YAO Xiao-yuan(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室/中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2024年第8期628-633,共6页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目(2016年)。

摘　　要：目的了解2020-2022年我国商场超市重要公共设施消毒与微生物污染状况。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,于2020-2022年对全国3491家商场超市9种重要的公共设施消毒状况进行问卷调查,并对购物车(篮)和收银台表面细菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌水平进行检测,运用χ^(2)检验比较不同年度、不同地区商场超市重要公共设施消毒与微生物污染状况的差异。结果2020-2022年3年间商场超市服务台的消毒率最高,为93.96%,电梯按钮的消毒率最低,为78.34%;公用马桶按钮或把手的消毒频率最高,临时物品存储柜的消毒频率最低,消毒频率≥6次/d的分别占25.50%和14.25%。总体上,2022年商场超市公共设施表面的消毒率高于2020年和2021年;东部地区商场超市公共设施表面的消毒率和消毒频率均高于中、西部地区。3年间收银台表面细菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌的超标率分别为10.58%、1.51%和0.40%,均高于购物车(篮)表面(超标率分别为5.25%、1.08%和0.31%)。2020年购物车(篮)表面细菌总数和金黄色葡萄球菌、收银台表面的微生物指标超标率均低于2021年和2022年(P<0.05)。东部地区购物车(篮)和收银台表面微生物指标超标率均低于中、西部地区(P<0.05)。结论2020-2022年全国商场超市重要公共设施消毒与微生物污染状况存在年份和地区差异,且微生物污染状况不容乐观,消毒工作有待进一步加强,尤其要关注电梯按钮、临时物品存储柜等接触频率较高的公共设施。Objective To examine the disinfection and microbial contamination of important public facilities in shopping places in China from 2020 to 2022.Methods By using stratified random sampling,questionnaire surveys were conducted on the disinfection status of nine important public facilities in 3491 shopping places across China from 2020 to 2022.The number of total bacteria,coliforms,and Staphylococcus aureus on the surfaces of shopping carts(baskets)and cash registers were measured.The levels of disinfection and microbial contamination of important public facilities in shopping places were compared among years and regions using the χ^(2) test.Results From 2020 to 2022,disinfection rate was the highest for cash registers(93.96%)and lowest for elevator buttons(78.34%)in shopping places.Disinfection was performed most frequently on buttons or handles of public toilets and least frequently for storage cabinets.A disinfection frequency of≥6 times/day accounted for 25.50%and 14.25%of all disinfection frequencies in these two facilities,respectively.In general,the disinfection rate of public facility surfaces in shopping places was higher in 2022 than in 2020 and 2021.Additionally,disinfection rate and disinfection frequency of public facility surfaces in shopping places were higher in the Eastern region than in the Central and Western regions.The exceedance rates of total bacteria,coliforms,and S.aureus on the surfaces of cash registers during the three years were 10.58%,1.51%,and 0.40%,respectively,which were higher than those on the surfaces of shopping carts(baskets)(exceedance rates of 5.25%,1.08%,and 0.31%,respectively).Total bacteria and S.aureus counts on shopping cart(basket)surfaces and the microbial exceedance rates of cash register surfaces were significantly lower in 2020 than in 2021 and 2022(all P<0.05).Furthermore,the microbial exceedance rates of shopping cart(basket)and cash register surfaces were significantly lower in the eastern region than in the central and western regions(all P<0.05).Conclusion The

关 键 词：商场超市 公共设施 消毒 微生物污染 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]