中非新元古代造山带钴超常富集研究进展与展望  

Cobalt mineralization in the Central African Cu-Co belt:A preliminary overview

作　　者：刘天宇 邱正杰 周伶俐 胡乔帆 莫江平 曾庆栋[1,2] 范宏瑞 LIU TianYu;QIU ZhengJie;ZHOU LingLi;HU QiaoFan;MO JiangPing;ZENG QingDong;FAN HongRui(Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Earth Sciences,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,Amsterdam 1081 HV,Netherlands;China Nonferrous Metal(Guilin)Geology and Mining Co.,Ltd.,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [3]阿姆斯特丹自由大学地球科学系,阿姆斯特丹1081 HV [4]中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司,桂林541004

出　　处：《岩石学报》2024年第10期3037-3054,共18页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42330804、92162323);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903502)联合资助.

摘　　要：钴被誉为“低碳能源金属”,是我国乃至全球急缺的关键金属矿产。中非新元古代铜钴矿带内的沉积岩容矿型铜钴矿床每年为全球提供了60%以上的钴金属产量,是研究钴超常富集的最佳区域。前人对该矿带的研究主要聚焦于铜的成矿作用,然而该矿带内的铜矿床并非都伴生钴,目前对伴生钴的来源-富集过程及其与沉积、成岩、造山作用的成因联系仍缺乏系统研究。本文综述了中非铜钴矿带内沉积岩容矿型铜钴矿床主要研究进展及存在问题,认为超大陆裂解过程改变了中非铜钴矿带的沉积盆地环境,使得钴在沉积地层中发生初始预富集,此外古气候条件,包括增氧事件和冰川事件,也可能对该矿带内的大规模钴的聚集产生了积极作用。新元古代造山作用重新活化沉积地层呈分散分布的钴元素,导致钴的进一步富集。因此,中非铜钴矿带中的钴超常富集是大气-地球-水圈-生物圈之间长期相互作用而形成的成矿效应。在矿床尺度,深入理解沉积岩容矿型铜钴矿床的形成过程,有助于在中非铜钴矿带,甚至在全球其他有利沉积盆地内,勘探更多的钴资源。Cobalt is defined as an energy critical metal that is urgently demanded by China and the world.More than 60%of the annual global cobalt production comes from the sedimentary rock-hosted Cu-Co deposits in the Central African Cu-Co belt,which represents a natural laboratory for investigating the mechanism of cobalt super-enrichment.Previous studies mainly focused on copper mineralization in the system,which is not always associated with cobalt mineralization in space and time.There is still a lack of understanding in relation to the sources and enrichment process of cobalt in the system,which records sedimentary,diagenetic and orogenic mineralization.This paper presents an overview of up-to-date research progress on the cobalt mineralization in the Central African Cu-Co belt and discusses remaining research gaps.The impact of tectonic evolution on the formation of an ideal basin environment for cobalt mineralization in this world-class cobalt metallogenic belt was reviewed.Pale-climate condition,including the Oxygenation Events and glacier events,may also have positively influenced the cobalt mineralization in the region.The Neoproterozic orogenesis may have played a key role in re-mobilizing early disseminated cobalt in the sedimentary system,leading to an upgrade of cobalt mineralization.Essentially,the cobalt mineralization in the Central African Cu-Co belt reflects a prolonged and productive interplay of atmospheric-geosphere-hydrospere-biosphere.Understanding the formation of sedimentary rock-hosted Cu-Co deposits at deposit-regional scale is therefore crucial for exploring for more cobalt mineral resources in both the Central African Cu-Co belt and other favorable basin environments worldwide.

关 键 词：新元古代 造山带 钴超常富集 沉积岩容矿型铜钴矿床 中非铜钴矿带 

分 类 号：P611.22[天文地球—矿床学] P618.62[天文地球—地质学]