刈割期对豫西北地区小黑麦草产量和营养品质的影响  

Effects of harvesting period on forage yield and nutritional quality of triticale in Northwestern He'nan Province

作　　者：岳竞之 孙迷平 牛小沛 陈丽 张月玲 张春荣 边景景 蔡友敏 YUE Jing-zhi;SUN Mi-ping;NIU Xiao-pei;CHEN Li;ZHANG Yue-ling;ZHANG Chun-rong;BIAN Jing-jing;CAI You-min

机构地区：[1]济源市农业科学院,河南济源459000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2024年第15期112-118,共7页Feed Research

基　　金：济源市科技攻关计划项目(项目编号:23021016)。

摘　　要：试验旨在明确豫西北地区小黑麦最佳刈割期,研究刈割期对不同品种小黑麦农艺性状、草产量和营养品质的影响。试验以中饲3366(ZS3366)、中饲1640(ZS1640)、中饲1257(ZS1257)、中饲1048(ZS1048)、石大1号(SD1)、甘农2号(GN2)6个品种为试验材料,设置4个刈割期处理[拔节期(JNT)、抽穗期(HD)、开花期(FLW)、乳熟期(MLK)],其中JNT处理在乳熟期对再生株再次刈割。结果显示:随着生育期的推进,株高、干草产量整体上呈持续增加,鲜草产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,鲜草产量依次为HD>JNT>FLW>MLK,干草产量依次为MLK>FLW>HD>JNT。随着生育期的推进,小黑麦的营养品质降低,与JNT相比,MLK粗蛋白含量、相对饲用价值下降;酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量升高。粗蛋白含量与水分、相对饲用价值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。研究表明,SD1在不同刈割期的综合评价均高于其他品种,在FLW的株高、干草产量、粗蛋白产量均高于其他品种。综合草产量和营养品质,豫西北地区小黑麦最佳刈割期为开花期,参试品种SD1综合性状突出,适合在该地区种植推广。The experiment aimed to determine the optimal harvesting period for triticale in Northwestern He'nan Province,and to study the effects of the mowing period on the agronomic traits,yield,and nutritional quality of different triticale varieties.The experiment used six varieties as experimental materials:Zhong Si 3366(ZS3366),Zhong Si 1640(ZS1640),Zhong Si 1257(ZS1257),Zhong Si 1048(ZS1048),Shi Da No.1(SD1),and Gan Nong No.2(GN2).Four harvesting treatments were set up:Jointing stage(JNT),booting stage(HD),flowering stage(FLW),and milky stage(MLK),with the JNT treatment involving a second harvest of the regrowth at the milky stage.The results showed that as the growth period progressed,the plant height and dry hay yield continued to increase overall,while fresh hay yield first increased and then decreased.The fresh hay yield was in the order of HD>JNT>FLW>MLK,and the dry hay yield was in the order of MLK>FLW>HD>JNT.As the growth period progressed,the nutritional quality of the ryegrass decreased.Compared with JNT,the crude protein content and relative feed value of MLK decreased,while the content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber increased.The crude protein content was extremely positively correlated with moisture and feed value(P<0.01),and extremely negatively correlated with the content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber(P<0.01).The study indicates that SD1 has a higher comprehensive evaluation at different harvesting stages compared to other varieties,and the plant height,dry hay yield,and crude protein yield during the FLW stage are all higher than those of other varieties.Considering both yield and nutritional quality,the optimal harvesting period for triticale in the Northwestern He'nan Province is the flowering stage,and the variety SD1 has outstanding comprehensive traits,making it suitable for planting and promotion in this area.

关 键 词：小黑麦 刈割期 草产量 营养品质 豫西北地区 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]