居住方式、居住环境对老年人心理健康的影响--基于自动化机器学习的分析  

The Impact of Living Style and Living Environment on Elderly Mental Health--An Analysis Based on Automated Machine Learning

作　　者：王晓峰[1] 王坦 WANG Xiaofeng;WANG Tan(Northeast Asian Studies Center,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《人口学刊》2024年第5期54-72,共19页Population Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目:中日韩应对老龄化政策比较研究(15JJD810009)。

摘　　要：中国人口老龄化形势日趋严峻,将迈入中等程度老龄化社会。同时,家庭规模持续小型化,代际居住分离式家庭日益增多。作为影响老年人日常生活及养老资源获取的重要方面,老年人的居住方式和居住环境与以往相比有所不同,因此值得关注。老年人心理健康是影响晚年福祉的重要因素,了解不同居住方式、居住环境对老年人心理健康的影响程度以及该影响在不同群体之间的差异,有助于更合理地制定改善老年人居住环境的策略,推动实现健康老龄化。本研究使用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,在健康生态学等理论的基础上通过多元线性回归与自动化机器学习相结合的方法进行分析。通过线性回归与基于元启发式算法的神经网络相结合评估不同居住方式、居住环境对老年人心理健康的影响程度以及影响因素的优先级,并与线性回归、随机森林等其他五种方法的结果对比证明神经网络模型的准确性更高。然后使用神经网络对不同城乡类型、不同性别的老年群体进行异质性分析。研究结果显示居住方式中促进作用最大的为与配偶同住,独居对心理健康有较大负面影响。住房环境中有独立居住空间、住宅类型选择高层公寓及社区有服务设施均对老年心理健康产生积极影响。社会网络支持方面多样化的社会支持来源比仅亲属支持更有利于心理健康。从影响因素的优先级来看,仅向亲属求助、住独门独院住宅、有独立居住空间、仅和亲属聊天、独居在居住相关因素中位列前五。因此从实践的角度出发,在其他居住因素无法改变的情况下,老年人需避免仅与亲属进行社会交往的情况,增加同朋友或邻居的互动。分城乡类型来看,除居住方式、住宅类型外其他居住相关因素在影响心理健康方面保持一致。三代人同住对农村老年人心理健康的促�The aging population in China is becoming increasingly severe,with the country soon entering a moderately aging society.Concurrently,family sizes are shrinking,and the number of intergenerationally separated households is rising.Given that living arrangements and environments play a crucial role in the daily lives and access to resources for the elderly,it is essential to examine the changes in these aspects compared to the past.Mental health among the elderly is a significant factor influencing their well-being in later life.Understanding the impact of different living arrangements and environments on the mental health of the elderly,as well as the variations of this impact across different groups,can inform the development of more effective strategies to improve the living environments of the elderly and promote healthy aging.This study utilized data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and analyzed it through a combination of multiple linear regression and automated machine learning,grounded in theories such as health ecology.Initially,the study employed a hybrid approach,combining linear regression with a neural network based on a metaheuristic algorithm,to assess the impact and prioritize the factors associated with different living arrangements and environments on the mental health of the elderly.The accuracy of the neural network model was then validated by comparing it with the results from five other methods,including linear regression and random forest. Subsequently,the neural network was used to conduct a heterogeneity analysis of elderly groups across different urban and rural settings and genders. The findings indicate that, among various living arrangements,cohabitation with a spouse has the most positive effect,while living alone has a significantly negative impact on mental health. In terms of housing environment,factors such as having an independent living space,residing in high-rise apartments,and living in communities with service facilities all contribute positively

关 键 词：居住方式 居住环境 老年人心理健康 BP神经网络 粒子群优化 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]