1997—2011年中国成年居民三餐能量、宏量营养素供能比及变化趋势  

Trends in energy intake and percentage energy from macronutrients among Chinese adults in 1997-2011

作　　者：侯婉莹 韩天澍 孙长颢[1] Hou Wanying;Han Tianshu;Sun Changhao(School of Public Health,Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《卫生研究》2024年第5期718-725,共8页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.82373561);国家自然科学基金青年基金(No.82404248)。

摘　　要：目的 了解1997—2011年中国成年居民三餐能量和宏量营养素供能比水平和变化趋势。方法 通过1997—2011年“中国健康与营养调查”数据库,采用分层概率抽样方法对辽宁、江苏、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广西、贵州和黑龙江的228个社区人群进行抽样,共纳入21 697名18~80岁成年人。对男性和女性的三餐能量、宏量营养素供能比变化趋势进行分析。采用3天24小时膳食回顾调查方法进行膳食调查,并通过受试者自报早餐、午餐及晚餐摄入情况,计算出三餐能量和宏量营养素供能比。结果 1997—2011年,中国成年居民年龄、性别、吸烟率、饮酒率、体力活动量、体质指数及城市化指数差异均有统计学意义。其中,年龄由42.52岁增长至49.74岁(P<0.01),男性所占比例由49.13%下降至47.08%(P=0.05),城市化指数由53.09上升至71.76(P<0.01)。全天总能量摄入量呈逐年下降趋势,由2299.57 kal/d下降至1908.37 kcal/d(P<0.01);碳水化合物供能比呈逐年下降趋势,由62.08%下降至52.02%(P<0.01);脂肪供能比(由25.34%上升至33.47%(P<0.01))和蛋白质供能比(由12.05%上升至13.71%(P<0.01))均呈逐年上升趋势。按性别、年龄、体质指数分层后,中国成年人的三餐能量和宏量营养素供能比均与全天总摄入量变化趋势一致。并且,午餐和晚餐的能量及宏量营养素供能比均显著高于早餐。结论 1997—2011年中国成年人午餐和晚餐能量及宏量营养素供能比均显著高于早餐,三餐能量和碳水化合物供能比逐年降低,三餐脂肪和蛋白质供能比逐年升高。OBJECTIVE To describe the level and trend of energy consumption and percentage energy from macronutrients of three meals in Chinese adults from 1997 to 2011.METHODS The China Health and Nutrition Survey database(1997-2011) was used to analyze the trends of energy consumption of three meals and percentage energy from macronutrients of adult men and women aged 18-80 years.The dietary survey was conducted using the 3-day 24-hour dietary review survey method,and the energy consumption of three meals was calculated through self-reported.RESULTS From 1997 to 2011,there were significant differences in age,gender,smoking rate,alcohol consumption rate,physical activity amount,body mass index and urbanization index among the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey populations,and the total energy intake of the whole day showed a decreasing trend year by year,the percentage energy from carbohydrates showed a decreasing trend year by year,and the percentage energy from fat and protein showed an increasing trend year by year.Stratified by gender,age and BMI,the percentage energy from macronutrients of three meals was consistent with the change trend of total daily intake.In addition,the energy and percentage energy from macronutrients of lunch and dinner were significantly higher than those of breakfast.CONCLUSION From 1997 to 2011,the percentage energy from macronutrients for lunch and dinner of Chinese adults was significantly higher than that of breakfast,energy consumption and percentage energy from carbohydrate of three meals decreased year by year,and the percentage energy from fat and protein of three meals increased year by year.

关 键 词：能量 宏量营养素 趋势 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]