2015—2019年江西省市售婴幼儿谷类辅食中重金属污染状况及膳食暴露评估  

Pollution status and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metal in commercially available cereal-based complementary foods for infants and toddlers in Jiangxi Province from 2015 to 2019

作　　者：王艳敏[1] 熊丽[1] 李娟[1] 游兴勇[1] Wang Yanmin;Xiong Li;Li Juan;You Xingyong(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangxi,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Epidemic Prevention and Control,Nanchang 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省疾病预防控制中心,重大疫情防控江西省重点实验室,南昌330029

出　　处：《卫生研究》2024年第5期805-810,共6页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：重大疫情防控江西省重点实验室项目(No.2024SSY06021);江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目(No.202211295)。

摘　　要：目的 了解江西省市售婴幼儿谷类辅食中铅、镉、总砷、总汞等重金属的污染状况,并对其膳食暴露风险进行评估。方法 2015—2019年在江西省市售流通领域随机采集婴幼儿谷类辅食648份,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅和镉,原子荧光光谱法测定总砷和总汞。采用点评估法计算膳食中铅、镉、总砷、总汞的暴露水平,采用暴露边界比(margin of exposure,MOE)和耐受摄入量(tolerable intake,TI)评估其健康风险。结果 江西省市售婴幼儿谷类辅食中铅、镉、总砷和总汞的平均值为0.039、0.062、0.080和0.0016 mg/kg,平均检出率为81.2%、94.6%、89.4%和73.4%。铅、总砷和总汞均无超标样品,2015—2018年镉存在部分超标情况,2019年超标情况明显好转。不同年份婴幼儿铅和总砷暴露的MOE值均大于1,总汞暴露量占暂定每周可耐受摄入量的0.71%~2.13%,2015—2018年镉暴露量占暂定每月可耐受摄入量(provisional tolerable monthly intake,PTMI)的43.5%~62.3%,2019年下降至PTMI的7.91%~9.23%。结论 2015—2019年监测的江西省市售婴幼儿谷类辅食中铅、总砷、总汞污染较轻,镉污染状况明显好转,婴幼儿通过谷类辅食摄入重金属的健康风险处于可接受水平。OBJECTIVE To investigate the pollution status of lead,cadmium,total arsenic and total mercury in commercially available cereal-based complementary foods in infants and toddlers in Jiangxi Province,and to evaluate dietary exposure and their potential health risks.METHODS A total of 648 samples of cereal-based complementary foods in for infants and toddlers were randomly collected in circulation in Jiangxi Province,the contents of lead and cadmium were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry,and total arsenic and mercury were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.The dietary exposure of lead,cadmium,total arsenic and total mercury was calculated by point estimate model.Margin of exposure(MOE) and tolerable intake(TI) were used to assess the health risks.RESULTS The average values of lead,cadmium,total arsenic and total mercury in cereal-based complementary foods in Jiangxi Province were 0.039,0.062,0.080 and 0.0016 mg/kg,the average detection rates are 81.2%,94.6%,89.4% and 73.4%.There were no exceedance samples for lead,total arsenic and total mercury.There were partial exceedances of the cadmium standard in 2015-2018,and cadmium exceedances improved significantly in 2019.The MOE values of lead and total arsenic were greater than 1 in different years,total mercury exposure accounted for 0.71%-2.13% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI),cadmium exposure accounted for 43.5%-62.3% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI) in 2015-2018,decreasing to7.91%-9.23% of the PTMI in 2019.CONCLUSION Lead,total arsenic and total mercury contamination in cereal-based complementary foods in Jiangxi Province monitored from 2015 to 2019 was relatively light,cadmium contamination has improved significantly and the health risk of heavy metal intake through cereal-based complementary foods for infants and young children was at an acceptable level.

关 键 词：重金属 婴幼儿谷类辅食 膳食暴露 风险评估 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] TS207.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]