Classification of musical hallucinations and the characters along with neural-molecular mechanisms of musical hallucinations associated with psychiatric disorders  

作　　者：Xin Lian Wei Song Tian-Mei Si Naomi Zheng Lian 

机构地区：[1]Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging,Shanxi Bethune Hospital,Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Taiyuan 030032,Shanxi Province,China [2]Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences,McMaster University,Hamilton L8S 4L8,ON,Canada [3]Department of Psychopharmacology,Peking University Sixth Hospital,Beijing 100191,China [4]Department of Psychiatry,Hartford HealthCare,St Vincent’s Medical Center,Westport,CT 06088,United States

出　　处：《World Journal of Psychiatry》2024年第9期1386-1396,共11页世界精神病学杂志

摘　　要：BACKGROUND Musical hallucinations(MH)involve the false perception of music in the absence of external stimuli which links with different etiologies.The pathomechanisms of MH encompass various conditions.The etiological classification of MH is of particular importance and offers valuable insights to understand MH,and further to develop the effective treatment of MH.Over the recent decades,more MH cases have been reported,revealing newly identified medical and psychiatric causes of MH.Functional imaging studies reveal that MH activates a wide array of brain regions.An up-to-date analysis on MH,especially on MH comorbid psychiatric conditions is warranted.AIM To propose a new classification of MH;to study the age and gender differences of MH in mental disorders;and neuropathology of MH.METHODS Literatures searches were conducted using keywords such as“music hallucination,”“music hallucination and mental illness,”“music hallucination and gender difference,”and“music hallucination and psychiatric disease”in the databases of PubMed,Google Scholar,and Web of Science.MH cases were collected and categorized based on their etiologies.The t-test and ANOVA were employed(P<0.05)to compare the age differences of MH different etiological groups.Function neuroimaging studies of neural networks regulating MH and their possible molecular mechanisms were discussed.RESULTS Among the 357 yielded publications,294 MH cases were collected.The average age of MH cases was 67.9 years,with a predominance of females(66.8%females vs 33.2%males).MH was classified into eight groups based on their etiological mechanisms.Statistical analysis of MH cases indicates varying associations with psychiatric diagnoses.CONCLUSION We carried out a more comprehensive review of MH studies.For the first time according to our knowledge,we demonstrated the psychiatric conditions linked and/or associated with MH from statistical,biological and molecular point of view.

关 键 词：PATHOMECHANISM Etiological factors CLASSIFICATION Gender difference Neuropathway Psychotic musical hallucination and non-psychotic musical hallucination Neuropathway Biological and molecular mechanism 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]