选择性注意对无意识加工的调节作用及潜在机制  

Modulation Effect and Potential Mechanisms of Selective Attention on Unconscious Processing

作　　者：吴禧芊 张西磊 蒋毅[1,2] 王亮 WU Xi-Qian;ZHANG Xi-Lei;JIANG Yi;WANG Liang(Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2024年第9期2016-2027,共12页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：科技创新2030(2021ZD0204200,2021ZD0203800);国家自然科学基金(32100863,32020103009,31830037);中国科学院心理研究所自主部署项目(E1CX1910)资助。

摘　　要：意识和无意识经常被看作是动态转换的一体两面,理解意识与无意识相互转换的认知神经机制是当今科学的重大挑战。注意在这个转换过程中发挥关键作用。但是,过往研究主要关注注意对意识的影响,而注意对无意识过程的影响长久以来被忽略了。一个曾比较流行的观点认为无意识加工过程是自动化的,不受注意的调节。然而,该观点近来被逐渐抛弃。在视觉传递通路中,注意可以调节源眼信息、朝向信息的无意识加工过程;在语义系统中,注意能自上而下地增强目标关联性强的,并抑制目标关联性弱的无意识语义过程;在情绪系统中,除了目标关联性之外,由注意负荷操纵的注意供给水平也能调节意识下的情绪加工过程。这些研究有助于更充分理解注意与意识的关系。综合来看,注意既可能是产生意识的必要条件,也可能是(某些)无意识加工的必要条件。未来应深入研究注意调节无意识过程的认知和神经机制,尤其是这些机制在不同注意类型和不同感觉通道间的共性和个性。Consciousness and unconsciousness represent a compelling topic in psychology and neuroscience,embodying a dynamic interplay between two fundamental cognitive states.Understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying their interaction poses a significant challenge.While previous studies have predominantly focused on the impact of attention on consciousness,the influence of attention on unconscious processes has often been overlooked.However,the role of attention in modulating unconscious information processing is paramount,as it can regulate various aspects of unconscious visual processing,including simple visual information,semantic content,and emotional stimuli.Within the visual processing pathway,attention operates at early levels to modulate unconscious visual processing,starting at least from the eye-of-origin and visual orientations.In the semantic system,attention can top-down enhance unconscious semantic processes in a goal-dependent manner,enhancing goal-relevant processes while suppressing goal-irrelevant ones.In the emotional system,attentional load,in addition to target relevance,can regulate unconscious emotional processing.These findings suggest that the regulatory role of attention on unconscious processes depends on both goal relevance and the amount of attentional resources.Specifically,the goal-relevance of unconscious processes determines the direction of attentional modulation,while the amount of attentional resources allocated determines the extent of modulation.The once-prevailing notion that unconscious processing is automatic and not subject to attentional modulation has been gradually overturned.Current studies indicate that attention can modulate both conscious and unconscious processes,providing a new perspective on the relationship between attention and consciousness.Spatial attention can operate independently from consciousness at the neural representation level.Furthermore,other factors tightly related to attention,such as goal-related task sets,working memory,and attentiona

关 键 词：注意 无意识加工 视觉加工 语义加工 情绪 注意敏化模型 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]