海南省汉族中小学生2005—2019年营养不良趋势分析  

Trend analysis of malnutrition among primary and middle school students of Han ethnic group in Hainan Province from 2005 to 2019

作　　者：左欣 李颖琪 赵樱樱 关昌荣 梁绮晴 田冶[1] 刘玉梅[1] ZUO Xin;LI Yingqi;ZHAO Yingying;GUAN Changrong;LIANG Qiqing;TIAN Ye;LIU Yumei(College of Public Health,Hainan Medical University,Haikou(571199),Hainan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]海南医学院公共卫生学院,海口571199

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2024年第7期950-954,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：海南省教育厅委托项目(HXK220036)。

摘　　要：目的了解2005—2019年海南省汉族中小学生营养不良变化趋势,为完善儿童青少年营养改善措施提供参考依据。方法以中国学生体质与健康调研中海南省2005,2010,2014和2019年的32949名7~18岁汉族中小学生为样本,采用《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》判定营养不良类型。采用χ^(2)检验、χ^(2)趋势检验进行统计学分析。结果在2005—2019年的4次调查中,中小学生的营养不良检出率分别为22.12%,18.80%,15.89%,9.56%,增幅为-12.56%,年平均增速为-5.82%,呈现逐年下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=600.72,P<0.01),其中消瘦类型占比最高(8.87%~20.15%)。2005—2019年7~18岁各年龄组学生营养不良检出率均呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)值分别为56.44,60.04,61.48,42.49,51.81,50.81,72.86,101.34,86.38,24.81,17.72,10.38,P值均<0.01);2005—2019年4次调查中,男生营养不良检出率均高于女生,2005—2014年3次调查中,乡村学生营养不良检出率均高于城镇(χ^(2)值分别为92.07,35.16,25.29,29.98;64.35,4.26,6.32,P值均<0.05)。结论2005—2019年海南省7~18岁汉族中小学生的营养不良呈逐年改善趋势,以消瘦型为主,但总体检出率仍较高,在不同年龄、性别和城乡间存在差异。应进一步采取针对性措施加强对中小学生膳食的干预,以改善儿童青少年营养状况。Objective To understand the trends in malnutrition among primary and middle school students of Han ethnic group in Hainan Province from 2005 to 2019,so as to provide a basis for improving nutrition intervention measures for children and adolescents.Methods A sample of 32949 Han ethnic primary and middle school students aged 7-18 years old in Hainan Province were investigated in 2005,2010,2014 and 2019 based on national survey on student physical fitness and health.The Malnutrition Screening Standard of School-age Children and Adolescents was used to screen malnutrition.Statistical analysis was performed using theχ^(2) test and theχ^(2)_(trend) test.Results In the four surveys conducted during 2005 to 2019,the prevalence of malnutrition among primary and middle school students were 22.12%,18.80%,15.89%and 9.56%,respectively,with an increase of-12.56%and an average annual increase of-5.82%.The decreasing trend of malnutrition by year was statistically significant(χ^(2)_(trend)=600.72,P<0.01),and the proportion of emaciation type was the highest(8.87%-20.15%).The detection rates of malnutrition among all students aged 7 to 18 showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2019(χ^(2)_(trend)=56.44,60.04,61.48,42.49,51.81,50.81,72.86,101.34,86.38,24.81,17.72,10.38,P<0.01).From 2005 to 2019,the detection rates of malnutrition in boys were higher than that of girls(in 4 surveys),and that in rural students from 2005 to 2014 of 3 surveys were higher than that in towns(χ^(2)=92.07,35.16,25.29,29.98;64.35,4.26,6.32,<0.05).The malnutrition of Han P Conclusions ethnic primary and middle school students aged 7-18 years in Hainan Province show a trend of improvement year by year from 2005 to 2019,despite the overall high detection rate.Wasting is the most common type of malnutrition.The epidemic of malnutrition varies by age,sex and areas.Further targeted measures should be taken to strengthen intervention in the diet of primary and middle school students,to improve the nutritional status of children and adolescents.

关 键 词：营养不良 儿童 青少年 消瘦 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R193