强电解质稀溶液凝固点降低公式的实验探索与讨论  

Experimental Exploration and Discussion on the Formula for Reducing the Freezing Point of Dilute Solutions with Strong Electrolytes

作　　者：蒋宇宁 赵亚男 陈华梅 岳凡 王彩娟 苗鹏杰 JIANG Yuning;ZHAO Yanan;CHEN Huamei;YUE Fan;WANG Caijuan;MIAO Pengjie(School of Energy and Chemical Engineering,Xinjiang Institute of Technology,Aksu 843100,China;Experimental Training Management Center,Xinjiang Institute of Technology,Aksu 843100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆理工学院能源化工工程学院,新疆阿克苏843100 [2]新疆理工学院实验实训管理中心,新疆阿克苏843100

出　　处：《化工管理》2024年第25期90-92,共3页Chemical Management

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区天池英才引进项目;2022年度自治区高校本科教育教学研究和改革项目(XJGXZHJG-202216);新疆理工学院高层次人才科研启动基金项目(XJLG2023G002)。

摘　　要：为明确强电解质稀溶液凝固点降低公式中范特霍夫因子i与单位物质的量强电解质所含离子数ν之间的关系,对常见的15种强电解质进行了凝固点降低实验,计算得到i值。结果发现,不同的强电解质类型i值不同,主要与强电解质的正、负离子所带电荷数及其本性有关。1-1(正、负离子带电荷)型强电解质的i接近2,其他类型强电解质的i与ν相差较大,2-2型硫酸盐尤为显著,i对ν的偏离从大到小顺序为2-2型、3-1型、1-2型、1-1型。该结果为强电解质稀溶液凝固点降低公式中i值提供了实验依据,为凝固点降低的探究性实验提供了参考。To clarify the relationship between the van der Hoff factor i and the number of ions per unit substance in the formula for reducing the freezing point of a strong electrolyte dilute solutionν.Freezing point depression experiments of 15 common strong electrolytes were performed and the value of i were calculated respectively.It was found that for different types of strong electrolytes,the value of i varies,mainly related to the number of charges carried by the positive and negative ions of the strong electrolyte and their nature.The i of the 1-1(positively and negatively charged)type strong electrolyte is close to 2,while the difference between i andνis signif icant as for the other types of strong electrolytes,especially for type 2-2 sulfates.The order of deviation from maximum to minimum is:type 2-2、type 3-1、type 1-2、type 1-1.This result provides an experimental basis for the valueof i in the formula for freezing point depression of strong electrolyte dilute solutions,and provides a reference for exploratory experiments on ffreezing point depression.

关 键 词：强电解质稀溶液 凝固点降低 范特霍夫系数 探究性实验 

分 类 号：O645.15[理学—物理化学]