基于多源数据的中美作物种质资源管理的比较及启示  

Comparison and implication of crop germplasm resource management in China and the United States based on multi-source data

作　　者：李红军 孟晨霞 张红伟[1] 宋伟彬 刘兴旺 LI Hongjun;MENG Chenxia;ZHANG Hongwei;SONG Weibin;LIU Xingwang(China Agricultural University Library,Beijing 100083,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学图书馆,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [3]中国农业大学园艺学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第10期161-171,共11页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(L2224027);中国农业大学研究生教改项目(JG202236)。

摘　　要：为剖析我国作物种质资源管理存在的问题、提出其利用率提升的可行性路径,查询和分析2014-2023年Web of Science数据库的相关论文以及中美两国政府和官方机构网站中的制度政策、规划方案等文献。结果表明:1)我国(不包括台湾地区省数据)和美国的作物种质资源管理分别采取垂直化和扁平化的管理方式,各有优缺点;2)我国作物种质资源保存数量接近美国,但在表型鉴定、基因型鉴定和利用率方面差距较大;3)我国作物种质资源规划中存在的滞后国际形势和科技态势之处,未能及时更新;4)我国作物种质资源管理的信息化程度低于美国,不利于材料的查询和获取;5)我国作物种质资源的研究对新兴技术的响应不如美国积极;6)我国作物种质资源的国际合作广度低于美国。因此,建议我国的作物种质资源管理做以下调整:1)积极应对国际形势和科技发展的变化,及时调整规划目标;2)提高信息化程度,方便查询和使用资源;3)提高知识产权保护意识,防止种质资源境外流失;4)扩大国际合作渠道,提升我国作物种质资源利用的国际合作影响力和主导力。To analyze the problems existing in the management of crop germplasm resources in China and propose feasible paths to improve their utilization rate,this study queries and analyzes the relevant papers in the Web of Science database during 2014 and 2023,as well as the institutional policies,planning schemes,etc.on the websites of the governments and competent departments of China and the United States.The results indicate that:1)China(Data of Taiwan region Province is excluded)adopts vertical management approaches for crop germplasm resource,while the United States adopts flat management,but each has its own advantages and disadvantages;2)China's crop germplasm resource conservation quantity is close to that of the United States,but there is a significant gap in phenotypic identification,genotypic identification and utilization efficiency;3)China’s planning for crop germplasm resources lags behind the international situation and technological trends and has not been updated in a timely manner;4)the informatization level of China's crop germplasm resource management is lower than that of the United States,which is not conducive to material retrieval and distribution;5)the response of research on crop germplasm resources in China to emerging technologies is not as proactive as that in the United States;6)the breadth of international cooperation on China’s crop germplasm resources is lower than that of the United States.Therefore,the management of China’s crop germplasm resources needs to make the following changes:1)Actively respond to challenges and adjust planning goals in a timely manner;2)improve the level of informatization in management to facilitate resource retrieval and utilization;3)enhance awareness of intellectual property protection to prevent the overseas loss of germplasm resources;4)expand international cooperation channels and enhance cooperative influence and leadership.

关 键 词：作物种质资源 中国 美国 多源数据 文献计量 

分 类 号：S5[农业科学—作物学]