不同小麦品种光能利用特征及产量构成差异  

Differences in light energy utilization characteristics and yieldcomposition of different wheat varieties

作　　者：王书丽[1] 蔺芳[1] 田淑婷 杨韵嘉 毛鑫羽 WANG Shuli;LIN Fang;TIAN Shuting;YANG Yunjia;MAO Xinyu(School of Biotechnology,Xinxiang University,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]新乡学院生物工程学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《发酵科技通讯》2024年第3期138-143,共6页Bulletin of Fermentation Science and Technology

基　　金：新乡市科技攻关计划项目(GG2021015);河南省科技攻关计划项目(232102111033)。

摘　　要：光能利用不仅是小麦品种资源的重要反应参数,而且是其干物质生产及籽粒产量形成的生理基础。以近10年河南地区栽培的10个主要冬播小麦品种为实验材料,探讨了各品种小麦的光能利用特征及产量效应。结果表明:天麦535和伟隆169的净光合速率P_(n)与蒸腾速率T_(r)较高,显著高于圣源608、周麦28、百麦5811、百农889、郑麦22的P_(n)与T_(r);光能利用各指标对产量的贡献依次为P_(n)>T_(r)>胞间CO_(2)浓度C_(i)>叶面积指数LAI>气孔导度G s>冠层开度DIFN>叶倾角MTA,表明P_(n)对小麦籽粒产量的直接效应最大,其次为T_(r);产量排序为天麦535>滑育麦1号>伟隆169>百麦5811>百农889>郑麦132>郑麦22>百农201>周麦28>圣源608,其中天麦535的产量、P_(n)和T_(r)最高。笔者比较了不同冬小麦品种在抽穗期的光能利用相关指标及籽粒产量,旨在探究该地区不同小麦品种的光合机制,为高光效小麦品种天麦535在该地区的推广提供理论参考。Light energy utilization is an important reflection parameter of wheat variety resources,which is the physiological basis for its dry matter production and grain yield formation.The author used 10 winter-sown wheat varieties mainly cultivated in Henan region in the past 10 years as experimental materials to explore the light energy utilization characteristics and yield effects of each variety of wheat.The research results indicate that the net photosynthetic rate P_(n) and transpiration rate T_(r) of Tianmai 535 and Weilong 169 are higher,significantly higher than those of Shengyuan 608,Zhoumai 28,Baimai 5811,Bainong 889,and Zhengmai 22.The contribution of various indicators of light energy utilization to yield is as follows:P_(n)>T_(r)>intercellular CO_(2) concentration C_(i)>leaf area index LAI>stomatal conductance G s>canopy opening DIFN>leaf inclination angle MTA,indicating that P_(n) has the greatest direct effect on wheat seed yield,followed by T_(r).The average yield per mu is ranked as Tianmai 535>Huayumai 1>Weilong 169>Baimai 5811>Bainong 889>Zhengmai 132>Zhengmai 22>Bainong 201>Zhoumai 28>Shengyuan 608.Among them,Tianmai 535 has the highest yield,P_(n),and T_(r).We compared the relevant indicators of light energy utilization and grain yield of different winter wheat varieties during the heading stage,aiming to explore the photosynthetic mechanism of different wheat varieties in the region and provide theoretical reference for the promotion of high light efficiency wheat variety Tianmai 535 in the region.

关 键 词：冬小麦 光能 产量 冠层结构 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]