近20年来中国小麦品种产量和品质性状变化分析  

Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits of Wheat Cultivars over the Past 20 Years in China

作　　者：高艳梅 景茂雅 陈薇薇 张萌[1,3] 张永清[1,2] 王志敏 GAO Yanmei;JING Maoya;CHEN Weiwei;ZHANG Meng;ZHANG Yongqing;WANG Zhimin(College of Life Science,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031,China;College of Geography Science,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学生命科学学院,山西太原030031 [2]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西太原030031 [3]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2024年第9期1152-1160,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心基金项目(SBGJXTZX-44);山西省基础研究计划资助项目(20210302124237);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-111)。

摘　　要：高产优质是中国小麦生产发展方向,及时总结中国小麦育种进展对明确小麦产量和品质能否协同提高至关重要,也可为未来小麦育种提供借鉴。本研究对1999-2020年中国审定的646个小麦品种的产量和品质进行了整理与分析。结果表明,1999-2020年,中国春麦区、黄淮冬麦区和长江冬麦区的小麦产量显著上升,年均增长率分别为2.58%、 1.13%和1.49%;而北部冬麦区小麦产量变化不明显。各区域平均产量以黄淮冬麦区最高(7 606 kg·hm^(-2)),春麦区最低(4 669 kg·hm^(-2))。中国春麦区和长江冬麦区小麦产量提高主要是由于穗数和穗粒数显著增加,而黄淮冬麦区小麦产量提高主要是由于穗数和千粒重显著增加。小麦籽粒蛋白质含量在春麦区显著降低,且与产量呈极显著负相关;其余区域蛋白质含量均无显著变化,且与产量均无显著相关性。各区域湿面筋含量与蛋白质含量均呈显著正相关,但与产量相关不显著。High grain yields and prior quality is the development direction of wheat production in China.A timely summary of the recent progress of wheat breeding in China is of importance to determine whether the yield and quality of wheat can be improved synergistically.In addition,it can also provide some reference for wheat breeding in the future.This study evaluated the breeding efforts on grain yield and quality of 646 wheat varieties in China from 1999 to 2020.The results indicated that wheat yield in Spring wheat region,Huang-Huai winter wheat region and Yangtze River winter wheat region increased significantly from 1999 to 2020,with an annual growth rate of 2.58%,1.13%,and 1.49%,respectively.The average yield of each region was the highest in Huang-Huai winter wheat region with 7606 kg·hm^(-2) and was the lowest in Spring wheat region with 4669 kg·hm^(-2).The increase of wheat yield in Spring wheat region and Yangtze River winter wheat region was mainly due to the significant increase of spike number and grain number per spike,while the increase of wheat yield in Huang-Huai winter wheat region was mainly due to the significant increase of spike number and 1000-grain weight.The protein content of wheat grain decreased significantly in Spring wheat region,which was negatively correlated with grain yield.There was no significant change in protein content in other regions,and thus had no significant correlation with grain yield.Wet gluten content had significant and positive correlation with protein content in all regions,yet had no significant correlation with grain yield.

关 键 词：小麦 品种改良 产量 品质 蛋白质含量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330