超龄劳动者再就业法律关系的法理阐释与认定构思——兼评《劳动争议司法解释(二)(征求意见稿)》第6条  

Legal Interpretation and Recognition:Conception on the Legal Relationship of Reemployment for Overaged Workers:Comment on Article 6 of Judicial Interpretation II on Labor Disputes(Draft for Comments)

作　　者：王晗 李勃 WANG Han;LI Bo(Kenneth Wang School of law,Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu Province,215021;School of Marxism,Tongji University,Shanghai,200082)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215021 [2]同济大学马克思主义学院,上海200082

出　　处：《山东工会论坛》2024年第5期61-72,共12页Shandong Trade Unions＇ Tribune

基　　金：全国教育科学规划课题国家一般项目“我国职业教育产教融合立法研究”(项目编号:BJA190092);苏州大学课外学术科研基金项目“论法人人格否认理论在多主体平台用工的适用——基于长三角劳动争议案例的实证研究”(项目编号:KY2024109B)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：现行法规未明晰超龄劳动者与用人单位间的法律关系,导致超龄劳动者再就业面临劳动权益保障缺失困境。2023年最高法发布的《关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律问题的解释(二)(征求意见稿)》第6条明确超龄劳动者再就业认定特殊劳动关系。比较法视野下,劳动者达到退休年龄并不意味着劳动者主体资格的丧失。认定特殊劳动关系不仅符合“积极老龄化”战略的现实需要,同样具有保护弱者并实现公平正义的法理基础,并能够与现行劳动法体系衔接。为更好实现该条款的立法目的,一方面应明晰超龄劳动者再就业特殊劳动关系的认定标准;另一方面可以在特定劳动基准方面配套设立专门社会保险,以强化超龄劳动者的劳动保护。Existing regulations do not clarify the legal relationship between overage workers and employers,resulting in the lack of labor rights and interests protection for overage workers'reemployment.Article 6 of the Interpretation of Issues Concerning the Application of Law to the Trial of Labor Dispute Cases(Ⅱ)(for consultation)issued by the Supreme Court in 2023 clarifies that overage workers'reemployment recognizes a special labor relationship.Article 6 of the Judicial Interpretation II(Draft for Public Opinion)specifies that the re-employment of over-age workers is recognized as a special labor relationship.Under the perspective of comparative law,the fact that a worker reaches retirement age does not imply the loss of the worker's subjective qualification.The recognition of special labor relations is not only in line with the practical needs of the“active aging”strategy,but also has the legal basis of protecting the weak and realizing fairness and justice and can be connected with the current labor law system.In order to better achieve its legislative purpose,on the one hand,the criteria for determining the special labor relationship for the re-employment of over-age workers should be clarified;on the other hand,special social insurance can be set up on a specific labor basis in order to strengthen the labor protection of over-age workers.

关 键 词：超龄劳动者再就业 劳动争议司法解释 特殊劳动关系 社会保险 退休 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]