重思马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的异化概念  

Rethinking the Concept of Alienation in Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

作　　者：冉力文 成龙[1] RAN Liwen;Cheng Long(School of Marxism,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期90-97,共8页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：“异化”是马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的核心议题,但“异化”概念在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的“第一笔记本”和“第三笔记本”中存在差异,《穆勒评注》构成“第一笔记本”和“第三笔记本”之间马克思异化观转换的中介。在“第一笔记本”中,马克思对异化劳动现象的积极批判遵循的是主客二分的自我异化逻辑,而并非费尔巴哈式消极异化概念的应用。马克思在《穆勒评注》中揭示出隐藏在经济关系背后的交往异化,力图以此扬弃“第一笔记本”中对异化劳动现象主客二分式的自我异化逻辑。在“第三笔记本”中,马克思将感性个人视为社会存在物,在社会场域的“对象性关系”中搭建起异化复归的实践逻辑,在对黑格尔哲学的重新关注中完善异化复归的理论逻辑,实现了对《穆勒评注》中异化逻辑的理论延续与现实超越。“Alienation” is a central theme in Marx's Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844.However,the concept of alienation differs between the “First Notebook” and the “Third Notebook” within the Manuscripts.The Comments on James Mill serve as an intermediary for the transition in Marx's views on alienation between these notebooks.In the “First Notebook”,Marx's critical approach to alienated labor adheres to a subject-object dichotomy of self-alienation logic,rather than applying Feuerbach's notion of passive alienation.In the Comments on James Mill,Marx uncovers communicative alienation hidden within economic relationships,attempting to transcend the subject-object dichotomy of self-alienation logic present in the “First Notebook”.In the “Third Notebook”,Marx regards the individual with personal sensation and feeling as a social being,constructing a practical logic for the return from alienation through “objective relations” within the social field.He refines the theoretical logic of returning from alienation by revisiting Hegel's philosophy,achieving a theoretical continuation and practical transcendence of the alienation logic discussed in his Comments on James Mill.

关 键 词：马克思 异化 《1844年经济学哲学手稿》 《詹姆斯·穆勒〈政治经济学原理〉一书摘要》 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学]