《马嵬》诗“不及卢家有莫愁”辨义  

Discerning Explanation of Concluding Sentence of the Poem Ma Wei

作　　者：罗雁泽 Luo yanze(School of Liberal Arts,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210033,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210033

出　　处：《铜仁学院学报》2024年第4期39-47,共9页Journal of Tongren University

摘　　要：《唐诗鼓吹注解大全》对《马嵬》结句的释义成为明代晚期诗家普遍使用的话语模式。清代初期的《唐诗鼓吹笺注》改写了《唐诗鼓吹注解大全》的部分表述,引导清代诗家如姚培谦、姜炳璋等将“卢家夫妇”释为“民间夫妇”,影响至今。这种阐释缺乏历史依据。“卢家”是唐代的世家大族,唐文宗曾有“顾不及崔、卢”之语,和《马嵬》同调。义山诗中的“卢家”皆为显贵,“莫愁”亦为豪门之妾,没有例外,且唐代诗人如杜甫也认为乱世之中,“民间夫妇”的相守其实更为困难。故而《马嵬》的结句应释义为王室权力败落,无法庇佑“妇人”,可世家大族却依然显贵如旧,其义批判性强,抒情性弱。此外,《马嵬》也是检视义山人生轨迹的诗证之一。The explanation of the concluding sentence of Ma Wei in Tang Shi Gu Chui Zhu Jie Da Quan became a discourse pattern commonly used by poetry scholars in the late Ming Dynasty.In the early Qing Dynasty,part of the explanation of Complete Collection of Annotations on Tang Poetry Propaganda were rewritten in Tang Shi Gu Chui Jian Zhu,which guided Qing poetry scholars such as Yao Peiqian and Jiang Bingzhang to explain"Lu Jia couple"as"folk couple",which has been influential to this day.This explanation lacks historical basis."Lu Jian"is a big family of the Tang Dynasty,Tang Wenzong once said:"Our status is lower than Cui and Lu."It likes the text of Ma Wei.The word,"Lu Jia",in Yishan's poems are all means nobles,and"Mo Chou"is also the concubine of a nobles without exception,and poets in Tang dynasty such as Du Fu also believe that in troubled times,the"folk couple"is actually more difficult to stay together.Therefore,the concluding sentence of Ma Wei should be explained as the royal power fell,unable to protect the"Concubine",but the family is still prominent as old,its sense of criticism is strong,lyricism is weak.In addition,Ma Wei is also one of the poetic evidences of Yishan's life.

关 键 词：李商隐 《马嵬》 “卢家” “莫愁” 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]