日本《优生保护法》:一项基于错误理论的错误人口政策实践  

Japan's Eugenic Protection Law:A Population Policy Practice Grounded in an Erroneous Theory

作　　者：程志燕[1] CHENG Zhi-yan(School of Japanese,Tianjin Foreign Studies University,Tianjin 300011)

机构地区：[1]天津外国语大学日语学院,天津300011

出　　处：《南方人口》2024年第4期71-80,26,共11页South China Population

基　　金：天津市教委科研计划项目“战后日本公共卫生管理体系研究”(项目编号:2020SK070)。

摘　　要：存于1948-1996年的《优生保护法》是战后日本的一部臭名昭著的法律,它继承战前效仿纳粹德国《绝育法》而制定的《国民优生法》的基本精神,打着优生的旗号,在“防止不良子孙的出生”的“国策”之下,对患有遗传性精神疾患和智障者强制实施绝育手术,在近半个世纪时间里造成极其恶劣的后果,数万残障人士被夺走正常的人生。如今恶法虽已作废,但清算并未实现。近年来多位受害者就强制绝育这一“战后最大的人权侵犯”发起要求国家赔偿并道歉的诉讼,在揭开了这段血迹斑斑的历史的同时,也将战后日本所谓民主制度的虚伪暴露无遗。The Eugenic Protection Law,which lasted from 1948 to 1996,was a notorious law in post-war Japan.It inherited the basic principles of the National Eugenics Law formulated before the WWII which emulated Nazi Germany’s sterilization law.Under the guise of eugenics and the“national policy”of“preventing the birth of defective offspring”,it required compulsory sterilization surgery for those suffering from hereditary mental illnesses and intellectual disabilities.This led to extremely dire consequences over a period of nearly half a century,with tens of thousands of disabled individuals being deprived of a normal life.Although this vicious law has been abolished,justice has not been served.In recent years,multiple victims have filed lawsuits demanding compensation and apologies from the state for this“greatest post-war human rights violation”,which not only exposes this bloody history to the public but also lays bare the hypocrisy of Japan’s post-war democratic system.

关 键 词：战后日本 《优生保护法》 《国民优生法》 强制绝育手术 

分 类 号：C92-05[社会学—人口学]