川西北某隧道涌水量及水压力分析  

Analysis of Water Inflow Volume and Water Pressure in a Tunnel Located in Northwest Sichuan

作　　者：邹和兵 宋章[1] 陶玉敬[1] 周航 李鸣荣 ZOU Hebing;SONG Zhang;TAO Yujing;ZHOU Hang;LI Mingrong(China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610031,China;Yunnan Institute of Transportation Planning and Design Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650041,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,成都610031 [2]云南省交通规划设计研究院股份有限公司,昆明650041

出　　处：《高速铁路技术》2024年第4期87-93,共7页High Speed Railway Technology

基　　金：云南省科技厅科技重点研发计划项目(202303AA080005);中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司科研项目(KDNQ202006;KDNQ202008)。

摘　　要：川西北某隧道工程区构造发育、岩体破碎、水压高,隧道施工和运营面临严峻考验。为了研究涌水量及水压力对隧道施工和运营的影响,对隧址区开展了地质勘探,并采用理论计算和有限元模拟分析了隧道施工期和运营期的涌水量、水压力分布。研究结果表明:(1)隧址区水文地质单元内岩性为非可溶岩,地下水属于中等含水岩层的基岩裂隙水;受构造作用的影响,地层岩体裂隙发育,为地下水渗流提供了良好的通道;隧址区内地下水主要补给来源为大气降水,多年平均降雨量约620 mm,最大降雨量约1034 mm;(2)隧道全长正常涌水量约为6940 m^(3)/d,最大涌水量约为11610 m^(3)/d;(3)隧道开挖后,上方围岩产生降水漏斗,地下水部分流失,而强降雨天气导致地下水位大幅增长;(4)随着水头高度的增大,隧道水压力和涌水量剧增,威胁隧道结构的安全。隧道的防排水结构与衬砌设计需考虑强降雨天气的影响。The work area of a tunnel in northwest Sichuan is characterized by active tectonics,heavily fractured rock masses,and high water pressure,posing severe challenges for both construction and operation of the tunnel.To investigate the impacts of water inflow and water pressure on tunnel construction and operation,geological explorations were conducted in the tunnel site,followed by theoretical calculations and finite element simulations to analyze the water inflow volume and water pressure distribution during both construction and operational phases.The findings are summarized as follows:(1)The rocks within the hydrogeological units of the tunnel site are non-soluble rocks,with groundwater classified as fissure water in moderately water-bearing rock strata.Due to tectonic activities,the rock masses are extensively fractured,providing favorable conduits for groundwater seepage.The primary recharge source of groundwater in the tunnel site is precipitation,with an annual average rainfall of approximately 620 mm and a maximum recorded rainfall of around 1034 mm.(2)The normal water inflow for the entire tunnel is estimated at about 6940 m^(3)/d,with a maximum potential inflow of up to 11610 m^(3)/d.(3)Following tunnel excavation,a precipitation funnel forms above the rock over the tunnel,leading to partial loss of groundwater,while heavy rainfall events significantly elevate the groundwater level.(4)As the water head height increases,a substantial surge in tunnel water pressure and inflow is observed,threatening the structural safety of the tunnel.The design of drainage and waterproofing structures,as well as tunnel lining,shall take into account the effects of heavy rainfall.

关 键 词：隧道 川西北 水文地质 涌水量 水压力 强降雨 

分 类 号：TU456.32[建筑科学—岩土工程]