借石他山:司马相如文学史地位再思考  

Learning from Others:A New Perspective of the Literary Historical Status of Sima Xiangru

作　　者：卢婕 Lu Jie

机构地区：[1]四川大学外国语学院 [2]四川大学文学与新闻学院 [3]四川省社会科学院文学所

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期173-183,208,共12页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：成都大学文明互鉴与“一带一路”研究中心一般项目“英美汉学界对‘蜀中汉赋三大家’的跨文明阐释研究”(WMHJ2024C02);国家社会科学基金一般项目“比较文学方法论与话语建构研究(1978-2020)”(21BWW021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：因为“文质彬彬”和“知人论世”的批评传统,国内学界对司马相如其人其作的评价一直以来毁誉参半。然而,西方汉学家提出了与国内学界不同的观点:首先,中国学界关于司马相如的“文质之争”在实质上是“文儒之争”,因此,尽管司马相如赋作中的内容和写作意图并不典型地体现儒家思想,但这不能成为否定其文学审美价值、想象力和创造性,低估司马相如文学史地位的合理理由;其次,中国学界以“知人论世”的方法对司马相如进行的伦理批评实际上陷入了“意图谬误”的陷阱。司马相如的文学史地位不应因其本人的道德瑕疵或者作品中的伦理问题受到影响。总的来说,在“世界文学”理念关照下,对司马相如文学史地位的认识需要以其在“民族文学”和“世界文学”双轴的位置来确定他在“文学经典”这一坐标系中的定位。Due to the critical traditions of“refined and substantial”and“knowing people and discussing the world”,domestic academia has long had mixed evaluations of Sima Xiangru and his works.However,Western sinologists have proposed different viewpoints from domestic scholars.Firstly,the Chinese academic debate on Sima’s“refinement or substance”is essentially a debate of being a“literary or Confucian”.Therefore,although the content and writing intentions of Sima’s fu do not typically reflect Confucian thought,this does not negate their literary aesthetic value,imagination,and creativity,nor does it provide a reasonable basis for undervaluing Sima’s literary historical status.Secondly,the ethical criticism of Sima by Chinese scholars using the method of“knowing people and discussing the world”actually falls into the trap of the“intentional fallacy”.Sima’s literary historical status should not be affected by his personal moral flaws or the ethical issues in his works.To sum up,under the concept of“world literature”,the understanding of Sima’s literary historical status needs to be determined by his position in both“national literature”and“world literature”,thereby establishing his place in the coordinate system of“literary classics”.

关 键 词：司马相如 文学史地位 海外汉学 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]