从词频符频探测学术汉语的若干语言特征——基于学术论文与报刊词频符频的对比  

Exploring linguistic features of Academic Chinese through word and punctuation frequencies:Based on a comparative study of academic papers and newspapers

作　　者：张博[1] 张茜 ZHANG Bo;ZHANG Xi

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学国际中文教育研究院,100083

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2024年第5期1-13,共13页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“以学习者为中心的国际中文教育理论探索与应用实践研究”(22JJD740014)经费支持。

摘　　要：本研究将语体上最接近学术汉语的通用书面语作为参照,采用语料库驱动的研究范式,以自建学术论文库和报刊库显著的词频和符频差异为线索,探测到学术汉语有别于通用书面语的一些语言特征:单音节词占比高,语体风格比通用书面语偏“文”;不少高频词的意义和/或用法不同于通用词;定语繁复;动词的时体特征不凸显;复句多,结构层次复杂,常用有文言色彩的关联词;句子长度长,句法复杂度高;疑问句少,做主宾语的疑问小句多,正反选择问多;括号的标示功能丰富多样。In this study,we take General Purpose Written Language,which is the closest to Academic Chinese stylistically,as a reference,and employ a corpus-driven research paradigm to identify the linguistic features distinguishing Academic Chinese from General Purpose Written Language.By analyzing significant differences in word and punctuation frequencies between a self-constructed academic paper corpus and a newspaper corpus,several features of Academic Chinese are revealed:there is a higher proportion of monosyllabic words and a more formal stylistic tone compared to general written language;many high-frequency words have meanings and/or usages that differ from those of common words;attributive structure is numerous and complex;verb tense and aspect features are not frequently used;there is a frequent use of compound sentences with complex hierarchical structures and classical Chinese-style connectives;sentences are long,with high syntactic complexity;interrogative sentences are few,but there are many interrogative clauses serving as subjects or objects,with numerous alternative questions;the use of parentheses is extensive and diverse in function.

关 键 词：学术汉语 通用书面语 词频 符频 语料库驱动 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语] H146