蚯蚓肥中养分、微生物群落及抑菌功能研究——以华北平原牛粪堆肥为例  

Nutrients,microbial communities and microbial inhibitory functions in vermicomposting:A case study of cow dung composting in the North China Plain

作　　者：王玉霞 张建云 房慧勇 郑玉光 马东来 谷仙 WANG Yuxia;ZHANG Jianyun;FANG Huiyong;ZHENG Yuguang;MA Donglai;GU Xian(College of Pharmacy,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine,Shijiazhuang 050020,China;Hebei Province Processing Technology Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shijiazhuang 050200,China;International Joint Research Center of Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050200,China)

机构地区：[1]河北中医药大学药学院,石家庄050200 [2]河北省中药炮制技术创新中心,石家庄050200 [3]河北省中药资源利用与质量评价国际联合研究中心,石家庄050200

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2024年第9期135-146,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金资助项目(H2022423004);河北省中医药管理局科研计划项目(2022098);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2023026);河北中医药大学博士科研基金项目(BSZ2021019);河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(HBCT2023080201,HBCT2023080205)。

摘　　要：为探究蚯蚓肥中微生物群落组成及其抑菌功能,首先采用赤子爱胜蚓对牛粪进行规范化堆肥,待充分腐熟后测得蚯蚓肥中有机质、全氮、全磷和重金属等含量;其次应用高通量测序技术对蚯蚓肥中的真菌和细菌进行物种注释,并对其群落结构特征进行分析及功能预测;最后,采用平板对峙的方法,以提取的蚯蚓肥浸提液进行灭菌为对照,验证蚯蚓肥浸提液中的微生物对易引起植物腐烂的腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)的抑制作用。结果显示:蚯蚓肥中有机质含量为24.4%,全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别为16.2%、13.2%、19.4%,总铅、总铬和总砷的重金属含量未超过有机肥标准;蚯蚓肥细菌群落中,优势菌门为变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门。真菌群落中,优势菌门为子囊菌门和被孢霉门。功能预测结果显示,细菌有6条代谢通路,63项功能分组,与化能异养、好氧化能异养和发酵作用相关基因信息占比最高。真菌功能预测结果以腐生营养型和病理营养型为主,未定义的腐生菌占主导地位;此外,蚯蚓肥浸提液能有效抑制腐皮镰刀菌菌丝的生长,其灭菌后的抑制效果明显减弱。该研究结果为探究蚯蚓肥微生物群落多样性、拮抗病原菌及土传病害的生物防治提供基础。The objective of this study was to investigate the microbial community composition of vermicompost and its bacteriostatic function.Firstly,Eisenia foetida was employed to standardize the composting of vermicompost,and the organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and heavy metals content in the vermicompost were identified after decomposition.Secondly,the high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to identify the species of fungi and bacteria present in the vermicompost and to analyze the structural characteristics of the community and predict its function.Finally,the inhibitory effect of the microorganisms in the extract from vermicompost on Fusarium solani,a fungus that is prone to cause plant rot,was verified by using a plate standoff method and the sterilized extracted vermicompost extract was taken as control.The results showed that:The organic matter content of the vermicompost was 24.4%and the contents of total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents were 16.2%,13.2%and 19.4%,respectively.The contents of heavy metals such as total Pb,Cr and As did not exceed the standards for organic fertilizer;The dominant phyla of the vermicompost bacterial community were Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes.Among the fungal community,the dominant phyla were Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota.The results of functional prediction indicated that bacteria had six metabolic pathways and 63 functional groups.The highest percentage of gene information related to chemoenergetic heterotrophy,aerobic heterotrophy and fermentation.The results of fungal function prediction displayed that the dominant types were saprotrophic and pathotrophic,and mainly was undefined saprotrophic bacteria.This study also demonstrated that vermicompost extract could effectively inhibit the growth of F.solani mycelium.However,the inhibitory effect was significantly weakened after extract sterilization.These findings would provide a basis for exploring the diversity of microbial communities in vermicompost,antagonizing pathogeni

关 键 词：蚯蚓肥 微生物多样性 有机肥 功能预测 蚯蚓肥浸提液 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]