“法庭科学”为独立学科之应用机理构建  

The construction of the strategies to make"forensic science"an independent discipline

作　　者：付琳 闫平 Fu Lin;Yan Ping(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China;Guizhou Police College,Guiyang 550000,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学,武汉430073 [2]贵州警察学院侦查系,贵阳550000

出　　处：《证据科学》2024年第4期497-511,共15页Evidence Science

基　　金：2022年贵州省教育厅高等学校科学研究项目(青年项目)“基于公安大数据系统的电信网络诈骗犯罪智能预警研究”(黔教技[2022]286号);2022年贵州省高等学校教学内容和课程体系改革项目“网络犯罪侦查实践教学体系特色研究”(2022230)。

摘　　要：随着“以审判为中心”的诉讼制度改革的不断推进,事实认定呈科学化之势。法庭科学在司法证明中日益发挥着重要作用。法庭科学的学科基础表现为以下三个方面:其一,已形成自身相对特色和独立的知识体系;其二,具有本学科特有的研究方法和路径;其三,基于社会治理的证据调查需求而发挥作用。法庭科学的学科基础为其学科独立性提供了合理依据。法庭科学成为独立学科具有必要性和合理性。同时,法庭科学应是独立的一级交叉学科,以“事实认定”为理念、以“证据应用”为核心并以“社会治理”为目标。法庭科学的学科独立与建设应该集中在核心主题的确立、基础框架的构建及根本宗旨的明确等几个方面,并兼顾教材的编写、人才培养模式的完善、学科文化的建设和学术共同体的构建等,以期为法庭科学的可持续发展带来有益推动力,服务“全面依法治国”的重大国家战略,从而促进国家治理现代化。With the continuous promotion of the judicial system reform,which is represented by"trial centered reform",the process of fact finding is becoming more scientific.Forensic science is playing an increasingly important role in judicial proof.The foundation for forensic science to be an independent discipline rests on the following three aspects:Firstly,a distinctive and independent knowledge system has been formed;Secondly,unique research methods and paths have been distinguished;Thirdly,the discipline has served the purpose of evidence investigation based on the needs of social governance.The disciplinary foundation of forensic science provides a reasonable basis for its disciplinary independence.At the same time,forensic science should be an independent first-class cross-disciplinary subject,which is established with the key concept of "fact finding", the core of "evidence application" and the goal of "social governance". The independence andconstruction of forensic science as a discipline should focus on the establishment of core themes, the constructionof foundational knowledge framework and the clarification of fundamental orientations, and along with thecompilation of textbooks, the improvement of talent training mode, the construction of academic culture andacademic community. By promoting the disciplinary independency of forensic science, it is expected that forensicscience will maintain its sustainable development, serve the major national strategy of "comprehensive rule oflaw", and thus promote the modernization of state governance.

关 键 词：法庭科学 独立学科 应用机理构建 学科基础 学科定位 

分 类 号：D918.9[政治法律—法学]