云南元阳县鸟类多样性及繁殖鸟类垂直分布格局  

Bird Diversity and Vertical Distribution Pattern of Breeding Birds in Yuanyang County,Yunnan Province

作　　者：汤锦涛 张健嵩 张文文 刘士龙 耿吉恒 罗旭 段玉宝[1] TANG Jin-tao;ZHANG Jian-song;ZHANG Wen-wen;LIU Shi-long;GENG Ji-heng;LUO Xu;DUAN Yu-bao(Key Laboratory of Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan,Southwest Forestry University/Faculty of Biodiversity and Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Southwest Survey and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650216,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment/State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Wuyi Mountains/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室/西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院,云南昆明650224 [2]国家林业和草原局西南调查规划院,云南昆明650216 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所/国家环境保护武夷山生态环境科学观测研究站/国家环境保护生物安全重点实验室,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第9期1213-1221,I0001-I0016,共25页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性保护重大专项(西双版纳保护优先区域生物多样性调查、观测与评估专题)。

摘　　要：元阳县位于中国西双版纳生物多样性保护优先区域,为了解元阳县鸟类多样性及垂直分布格局,于2019年7月—2020年4月采用样线法对元阳县鸟类资源进行调查。依据元阳县海拔及生境特点共设置样线44条,以400 m的海拔间隔将调查区域分为6个垂直带,共记录鸟类13目46科179种,其中,留鸟140种(78.21%),夏候鸟16种(8.84%),冬候鸟、迷鸟和旅鸟共23种(12.85%)。县域内国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生鸟类24种,中国脊椎动物红色名录易危(VU)物种1种,近危(NT)物种11种;IUCN红色名录近危(NT)物种1种。春季物种丰富度(n=115)和多样性指数(H=4.022)最高,冬季物种丰富度(n=87)和多样性指数(H=3.666)最低。鸟类遇见率在不同季节间差异不显著(F=1.166,P=0.328)。元阳县>1400~1800 m海拔带繁殖鸟类物种丰富度最高,垂直分布呈中峰模式,与谱系多样性呈现一致的变化模式,与功能多样性呈现不同的垂直分布模式。元阳县繁殖鸟类功能丰富度(FRic值为11.82)在>1800~2200 m海拔带最高,功能离散度(FDis值为1.44)在200~600 m海拔带最高,谱系多样性(PD值为2584.59)在>1400~1800 m海拔带最高;>1400~1800和>2200~2600 m海拔带鸟类群落平均成对功能距离的标准化效应值(SES.MFD)显著低于随机值(SES值<-1.96),表明这2个海拔带鸟类群落在功能上聚集。>1400~1800、>1800~2200和>2200~2600 m海拔带鸟类群落平均成对谱系距离的标准化效应值(SES.MPD)均显著低于随机值(SES值<-1.96),表明这3个海拔带鸟类群落在谱系上聚集,可能与生境过滤驱动群落构建有关。相关性分析结果表明,各环境因子对元阳县各海拔梯度鸟类物种丰富度、功能丰富度和谱系多样性的影响均不显著,可能是由多种因素共同作用的结果。研究提供了元阳县鸟类本底数据,可为元阳县鸟类资源保护与管理提供参考。Yuanyang County is located in the priority area for biodiversity protection in Xishuangbanna.However,there is a lack of information and related research on bird background in this area.Here,we investigated the bird diversity and vertical distribution patterns in Yuanyang County using the transect method from July 2019 to April 2020.To analyze the vertical distribution patterns of birds in this region,44 transects were established based on altitude(144-2936.9 m)and habitat characteristics.The investigation area was divided into 6 vertical zones with an altitude gradient of 400 m.A total of 179 bird species were recorded,belonging to 13 orders and 46 families,of these,140 were resident birds(78.21%),16 were summer migratory birds(8.84%),and 23 were winter migratory birds and travelers(12.85%).In the county,there are 24 species of national second-class protected birds 11 species of endangered(NT)and 1 species of vulnerable(VU)in the red list of vertebrates in China,and 1 endangered(NT)species in IUCN Red List.Among the seasonal changes,species richness(n=115)and diversity index(H=4.022)are the highest in spring,and species richness(n=87)and diversity index(H=3.666)are the lowest in winter.There is no significant difference in bird encounter rate between different seasons(F=1.166,P=0.328).The bird species richness is the highest at the altitude of 1400-1800 m,and the vertical distribution is in the middle peak mode.This follows a consistent pattern of variation with phylogenetic diversity while showing a different vertical distribution pattern from functional diversity.FRic(11.82),FDis(1.44)and PD(2584.59)of breeding birds are the highest at the altitude of>1800-2200,200-600 and>1400-1800 m respectively.SES.MFD of bird communities in>1400-1800 and>2200-2600 m altitude zones were significantly lower than the random values(SES<-1.96),indicating that the bird communities in these two altitude zones were functionally clustered.The SES.MPD of bird communities in>1400-1800,>1800-2200 and>2200-2600 m altitude zones were sig

关 键 词：鸟类多样性 垂直分布 元阳县 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q958.1[生物学—动物学]