社会工作记忆训练及其迁移效应  

Social Working Memory Training and Its Transfer Effect

作　　者：杨运梅 赵丽华 李晶[1,2] YANG Yunmei;ZHAO Lihual;LI Jingl(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejing 100101;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,中国科学院行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2024年第5期750-760,共11页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971009);中国科学院青年创新促进会资助。

摘　　要：个体在社会化过程中需要接收大量的社会性信息,在大脑中暂时加工和处理这些社会信息的记忆系统被称为社会工作记忆。社会工作记忆不是固定不变的,除了成熟因素的影响,它还可以通过适应性的训练来提高。社会工作记忆的训练效果不仅可以迁移到基础认知能力和社会认知能力,还能迁移到个体的社会适应性行为。社会工作记忆训练主要采用朋友姓名特征词和面孔刺激,然而前者定制材料需要大量的人力、物力等,不适用于大样本研究;后者加工处理难度较大,不适用于儿童研究。相比之下,生物运动刺激不仅可以传达丰富的社会性信息,适用年龄范围也更广。基于训练的迁移效应,未来研究可以考虑将其应用到特殊学校教育领域,如对孤独症儿童进行干预,以改善他们的核心症状、社会工作记忆缺陷和生物运动识别困难等问题。Individuals need to receive a large amount of social information in the process of socialization.Social working memory refers to the memory that temporarily maintain and manipulate social information.Social working memory capacity is not fixed.In addition to the influence of maturity factors,it can also be improved through adaptive training.The effect of training can be transferred to basic cognitive ability and social cognitive ability,thereby improving the individual's social adaptive behavior.Friend's name feature words and facial stimuli are commonly used in social working memory training.However,the former requires a relatively high cost of manpower and material resources for customizing materials and is not suitable for large sample research;the latter is difficult to process and is not suitable for children's research.In contrast,biological motion stimulus not only contains more social information,but also applies to a wider range of age,making it more suitable for training research.Future research can apply training to the field of special education,such as training interventions for children with autism to improve their core symptoms,social working memory deficits,and difficulties in identifying biological motion.

关 键 词：社会工作记忆训练 可塑性 迁移效应 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]