从库珀对凝聚波函数推广伦敦方程  

GENERALIZATION OF LONDONS'EQUATIONS BASED ON THE WAVE-FUNCTION OF THE COOPER'S PAIRS

作　　者：李志兵 LI Zhibing(School of Science,Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518107)

机构地区：[1]中山大学·深圳,理学院,广东深圳518107

出　　处：《物理与工程》2024年第3期5-7,共3页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：伦敦方程是基于实验现象建立的关于超导体的唯像理论。在伦敦唯像理论之后,巴丁、库珀和施里弗建立了关于超导现象的BCS微观理论。BCS理论认为,在临界温度以下,金属中出现宏观数目的由两个电子构成的准粒子,这些被称为库珀对的准粒子凝聚在同一量子态从而形成超导态。本文基于BCS理论的物理图像详细推导伦敦方程,强调密度幅的定域规范不变性,并考虑了库珀对密度依赖于时间和位置的情形。The first phenomenological theory for the superconductivity consists of two Londons'equations.After Londons'theory,Bardeen,Cooper,and Schrieffer set up the microscopic theory(BCS theory)for conventional superconductors.The BCS theory states that,below the critical temperature,electrons of a metal are pairing to form quasi-particles,named as Cooper's pairs.The supperconducting state is the condensate of macroscopic number of Cooper's pairs in a unique quantum state.We give a detail derivation of Londons'equations based on the BCS picture,emphasizing the local gauge invariant and taking the variation of the density of Cooper's pairs into account.

关 键 词：超导体 伦敦方程 波函数 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]