性恶与性朴:荀子人性论的二重向度与性恶论新解  

Evil and Simplistic Human Nature:The Dual Dimensions of Xunzi's Theory of Human Nature and a Novel Interpretation of the Theory of Evil Nature

作　　者：唐雪伦 TANG Xuelun(Center for Studies of Values and Culture,School of Philosophy,Collaborative Innovation Center for Core Socialist Values,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学价值与文化研究中心、哲学学院、社会主义核心价值观协同创新中心

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2024年第4期51-62,共12页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

摘　　要：基于前人对荀子人性论的分析,性可以分为物性和人性两面,性朴是就物性而言,性恶是就人性而言,二者并不矛盾,可以相互综合。物性为人与一切生物所共有,人性为人所特有,人性不同于物性,性恶才是人性。荀子从思想实验出发,论述了其性恶论的真正内涵:顺性则必然为恶。圣人逆性,所以能够克服自己的性恶来“化性起伪”。“伪”是人性由恶转善的必经之途,只有通过后天的礼义教化等人为之“伪”,才能真正实现从善、达善。因此,人之性可分为“朴—恶—善”三个层次。通过试图赋予荀子人性论一种二重向度的阐释,可形成对其更为整体性的认识。Drawing on previous analyses of Xunzi's theory of human nature,this paper proposes that human nature can be categorized into two aspects:creaturely nature and human nature.The theory of simplistic nature relates to creaturely nature,while the theory of evil nature concerns human nature.In fact,these two are not contradictory and they can be integrated with each other.creaturely nature is a shared trait among all creatures,whereas human nature is unique to humans.Human nature is far removed from creaturely nature,with the former being characterized by a tendency towards evil.As for Xunzi,he approach the issue through thought experiments and clarifies the essence of his theory of evil nature:adhering to one's natural inclinations will definitely ends up in wrongdoing.In contrast,a sage resists these inclinations so as to overcome inherent evil and experience a transformative process-transforming nature into morality by man-made.“Man-made morality”stands as an essential step for human nature to shift from evil to goodness.It can only be achieved through artificial influences like rituals and ethical conduct.As such,human nature can be divided into three stages:simplistic-evil-good.This paper attempts to present Xunzi's theory of human nature with a dual-dimensional interpretative perspective,in order to foster a more comprehensive understanding of his concepts.

关 键 词：荀子 物性 人性 性朴论 性恶论 

分 类 号：B222.6[哲学宗教—中国哲学]