电子数据侦查取证措施法治化与《刑事诉讼法》再修改  

Rule of Law on Evidence-Obtaining Measure for Electronic Data and the Re-amendment of the Criminal Procedure Law

作　　者：谢登科 XIE Dengke

机构地区：[1]吉林大学理论法学研究中心

出　　处：《法治研究》2024年第5期90-105,共16页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：吉林省教育厅社会科学研究重大项目“吉林省在线诉讼规则适用实证研究”(项目编号:JJKH20231101SK)研究成果。

摘　　要：《刑事诉讼法》再修改已经列入全国人大立法规划之中,这是数字经济和信息网络社会飞速发展背景下对刑事诉讼法的再次修改。此次刑诉法再修改内容之一将电子数据侦查取证措施法治化、体系化,这既是信息网络时代有效打击治理犯罪的必然要求,也是数字经济时代在刑事诉讼中实现“尊重和保障人权”的重要途径,有利于实现刑事诉讼法与数据安全法、个人信息保护法等法律中相关制度的有效衔接。电子数据侦查取证措施的法治化和系统化,需要以数据权利保障、数据分类分级、数据生命周期为其理论基点。需要回应电子数据侦查取证中的权利保障需求,对现有搜查扣押等传统侦查措施予以改进与完善;将司法实践中出现的网络远程勘验、电子数据冻结等新兴侦查措施吸收到刑事诉讼法之中;增设数据保存令、数据自动化比对等新兴侦查取证措施;针对电子数据所承载基本权利的差异而设置不同类型侦查取证措施;将电子数据纳入非法证据排除规则的适用范围从而实现对侦查机关电子数据违法取证的程序性制裁。The further revision of the Criminal Procedure Law has been included in the legislative plan of the National People's Congress,which is a further revision of the Criminal Procedure Law in the context of the rapid development of the digital economy and information network society.Incorporating the legalization and systematization of electronic evidence investigation and collection measures into this revision of the Criminal Procedure Law is not only a necessary requirement for effectively combating and governing crimes in the era of information networks,but also an important way to respect and protect human rights in criminal proceedings in the digital economy era.It is also conducive to achieving effective connection between the Criminal Procedure Law,the Data Security Law,the Personal Information Protection Law,and other relevant legal systems.The legalization and systematization of electronic evidence investigation and collection measures need to be based on the theoretical basis of data rights protection,data classification and grading,and data lifecycle.We need to respond to the demand for rights protection in electronic evidence investigation and collection,and improve and perfect traditional investigation measures such as search and seizure;Incorporate emerging investigative measures such as network remote investigation and electronic evidence freezing that have emerged in judicial practice into the Criminal Procedure Law.Add data preservation orders and emerging investigation and collection measures such as data automation comparison;Set up different types of investigation and collection measures based on the differences in the basic rights in electronic evidence.Incorporate electronic evidence into the scope of application of the exclusionary rule for illegal evidence,thereby achieving procedural sanctions against investigative agencies for illegal collection of electronic evidence.

关 键 词：法治化 电子数据 侦查措施 数据分类分级 数据生命周期 刑诉法再修改 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]