孔子“正乐”与《诗经》歌本的形成  

Confucius’s Revision of Music and the Formation of the Songbook of The Book of Poetry

作　　者：曹胜高 Cao Shenggao(Faculty of Chinese Language and Culture,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学中国语言文化学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第5期99-106,共8页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：广东外语外贸大学校内项目“中华优秀传统文化的阐释体系”(2023RC038)。

摘　　要：正乐是孔子矢志不渝的理想。他在周游列国返鲁之后的正乐,一是将周乐所用的乐歌逐一进行弦歌,将原本施用于礼仪的乐曲转化为可以独立歌唱的歌曲,将乐工所用的乐本转写为歌本;二是按照周乐的标准,对周乐所用三百五篇乐歌正声正音正字,确定了诗之四始,作为乐类的典范;三是清理了乐本中《雅》《颂》礼乐相错的形态,删除了大量重复的歌诗,实现了“《雅》《颂》各归其所”,以什相系歌辞。孔子正乐,是将鲁乐工所用的乐本转写为可以弦歌的歌本,确定了今本《诗经》的基本形态。Revising music was Confucius’s unswerving ideal.After his return to Lu,he firstly played the music used in Zhou music piece by piece,transcribed the music originally used for rituals into songs that could be sung independently.Secondly,according to the standard of Zhou music,he revised the sound,pronunciation and characters of the 305 songs of Zhou music,and set four beginnings of poetry as the model.Thirdly,he cleared up the wrong forms in the music book of“Ya”and“Song”that confused rituals and music,and deleted a large number of redundant lyrical poems,so that“Ya”and“Song”were each in their own place.Confucius’s revision of music was transcribing the music book used by Lu musicians into a songbook that could be played with musical instruments,which determined the basic form of the current version of The Book of Poetry.

关 键 词：孔子正乐 乐正《雅》《颂》 乐本 歌本 删诗 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]