戏剧如何成为事件——论谢克纳的环境戏剧理论  

How Drama Becomes an Event:On Schechner's Theory of Environmental Theatre

作　　者：陈建军 CHEN Jianjun(School of Literature and Journalism,Hanshan Normal University,Chaozhou,Guangdong 521041)

机构地区：[1]韩山师范学院文学与新闻传播学院,广东潮州521041

出　　处：《文化艺术研究》2024年第4期33-41,112,共10页Studies in Culture and Art

基　　金：韩山师范学院校级课题“谢克纳表演诗学研究”(项目编号:E21146)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：谢克纳的环境戏剧实践最引人注目的地方,在于它探讨并重置了戏剧的根基,把戏剧模仿论转到他所说的戏剧交易论的方向上。他认为戏剧是如游戏、仪式、运动一样的人类基本活动,它发生在表演者中间、观众成员之间、表演者与观众之间、演出的各个组成部分中间、演出组成部分与表演者之间、演出组成部分与观看者之间、整个演出与举行演出的空间之间,并以一套或明或隐的规则来规范这一活动的顺利进行。谢克纳进而认为作为现实活动的戏剧起到了在人类社会沟通真实的自然世界与情感、希望、幻觉、梦想等精神性冲动的作用,通过创造出一个“过渡客体”,它现实性地处理着人类社会中性与暴力等种种困境。The most striking aspect of Schechner's environmental theatre is its exploration and redefinition of the foundations of drama,shifting from drama as imitation to what he describes as"theatrical transactions".He argues that drama,like games,rituals,and sports,is a fundamental human activity that occurs among performers,among the audience,between performers and audiences,among the various components of a performance,between performance components and performers,between performance components and the audience,and between the entire performance and the venue.This activity is governed by a set of explicit or implicit rules to ensure its execution.Schechner further posits that drama,as a real-world activity,plays a role in human society by bridging the real natural world with emotional,aspirational,illusory,and dreamlike impulses.By creating a"transitional object",it addresses various dilemmas in human society,such as gender and violence,in a realistic manner.

关 键 词：环境戏剧 事件 博弈 过渡客体 谢克纳 

分 类 号：J802[艺术—戏剧戏曲]