可降解材料及其在渔具领域应用的研究进展  

Research progress of degradable materials and their applications in fishing gears

作　　者：徐大洋 刘伟 王鲁民[1] 张勋[1] 黄洪亮[1] 刘永利[1] 闵明华[1] XU Dayang;LIU Wei;WANG Lumin;ZHANG Xun;HUANG Hongliang;LIU Yongli;MIN Minghua(Key Laboratory of East China Sea&Ocean Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;College of Marine Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2024年第4期520-528,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：广东省湛江市科技发展专项资金(2022A01037);中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2022YC02)。

摘　　要：伴随着合成纤维渔具的广泛使用,海洋中出现了大量废弃渔具,它们能在海洋中存在数十年的时间,给海洋环境和渔业资源带来严重危害。综述了聚乳酸(PLA)、淀粉基材料、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)、聚丁二酸丁二酯-己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBSAT)等可降解材料的物理性能及其在加工工艺、共混改性等方面的研究现状,以及可降解材料在渔具领域(如:刺网、笼壶)的应用及研究进展。相关研究表明:上述可降解材料在海洋微生物的作用下可以完全降解,最终分解为对环境无害的水和二氧化碳,是制造环境友好型渔具的潜在材料,但其力学性能与合成纤维的还有一定差距,可通过物理或化学改性等方法进行提高;PBS、PLA、PBS/PBAT刺网与聚酰胺(PA)刺网的捕捞效率不存在显著差异;PBS/PBAT、PBS蟹笼的捕捞效率与聚乙烯(PE)、PA蟹笼相似,使用可降解材料制作笼身或逃生口的蟹笼与传统合成纤维蟹笼的捕捞效率相似;PBSAT刺网的捕捞效率明显低于PA刺网,由于可降解材料的柔韧性不如合成纤维,在作为蟹笼入口材料时会降低蟹笼的捕捞效率。最后对相关研究进行了展望,可降解材料在渔具制造领域的应用前景广阔,开发综合力学性能优越、价格低廉的可降解渔具材料将是未来渔业科技工作的重点之一。With the widespread use of synthetic fiber fishing gears,there are a large number of abandoned,lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear(ALDFG)in the ocean,which can exist for decades,seriously harming the marine environment and fishery resources.And finally they form microplastic particles which will not only enter the body of marine organisms,but also enter the human body along food chain.ALDFG pollution in the ocean has become a global environmental problem,and more and more scholars have gradually paid attention to the research,development and application of degradable fishing gear materials.This paper reviews the physical properties of polylactic acid(PLA),starch-based materials,polycaprolactone(PCL),polybutylene succinate(PBS),polybutylene adipate(PBAT),polybutylene succinate(PBSAT)and other biodegradable materials,and the research status on their processing technology and blending modification,as well as their applications in fishing gears,such as degradable gillnets and pots.These degradable materials can be completely degraded under the action of marine microorganisms,and finally decomposed into environmentally friendly H2O and CO2,thus it is a potential material for manufacturing environmental friendly fishing gear,but its mechanical properties still have a gap with synthetic fibers,and it can be improved by physical or chemical modification methods.In addition,there is no significant difference between the fishing efficiency of PBS,PLA,PBS/PBAT gillnets and PA gillnets.The fishing efficiency of PBS/PBAT and PBS crab pots is similar to that of PE and PA crab pots.The fishing efficiency of crab pots made of biodegradable materials is similar to that of traditional synthetic crab pots;the fishing efficiency of PBSAT gillnets is significantly lower than that of PA gillnets.As the flexibility of degradable materials is not as good as that of synthetic fibers,the fishing efficiency of crab pots will be reduced when used as funnel materials.Therefore,relevant researchers need to further develop degradable fish

关 键 词：幽灵捕捞 废弃渔具 微塑料 可降解材料 刺网 笼壶 

分 类 号：S971.1[农业科学—捕捞与储运]