青海高寒地区6种多年生禾本科牧草产量及营养价值比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Yield and Nutritional Value of Six Perennial Grasses in Alpine Area of Qinghai

作　　者：刘金平 张楠楠 赵鑫盛 黄亚宇[2] 杨英魁 周学丽 钟荣珍[4] 赵国君 拜彬强[1] 郝力壮[1] LIU Jinping;ZHANG Nannan;ZHAO Xinsheng;HUANG Yayu;YANG Yingkui;ZHOU Xueli;ZHONG Rongzhen;ZHAO Guojun;BAI Binqiang;HAO Lizhuang(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;PEGASE,INRAE,Saint-Gilles 35590,France;Qinghai Grassland Improvement Experimental Station,Gonghe 813009,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Animal Husbandry,Jilin Feed Processing and Regional Innovation Center,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;Haibei Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Product Quality Inspection Center,Haibei 812200,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016 [2]法国农业科学研究院,法国农业食品与环境研究院,圣吉莱35590 [3]青海省草原改良试验站,共和813099 [4]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林省饲料加工与草食家畜精准饲养跨区域科技创新中心,吉林省草地畜牧重点实验室,长春130102 [5]海北州农牧产品质量安全检验检测中心,海北812200

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2024年第9期3794-3806,共13页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发子课题(2022YFD1302103);青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室(重点实验室评估奖励项目:1-8);中国科学院西部之光A类项目(1-7);2023年度青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室开放基金课题(2023-KF-10)。

摘　　要：【目的】试验旨在对青海高寒地区人工栽培禾本科多年生牧草进行营养价值评价,以期为高原畜牧业的发展和家畜饲草需求提供参考。【方法】以高寒地区常见的冰草、黑麦草、小黑麦、麦宾草、冷地早熟禾和草地早熟禾为研究对象,选用3头成年公牦牛作为瘤胃液供体动物,通过体外产气法结合牧草产草量评定牧草的营养价值。【结果】①小黑麦的鲜草产量和干草产量均显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05)。小黑麦和麦宾草的干鲜比较低,显著低于其他牧草(P<0.05)。②小黑麦的干物质(DM)和粗蛋白质(CP)含量均显著高于冷地早熟禾和草地早熟禾(P<0.05)。草地早熟禾的粗灰分(Ash)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均最高。冰草的粗脂肪(EE)含量显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05)。小黑麦的钙(Ca)含量显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05),而磷(P)含量与冰草相同。③小黑麦在24、48和72 h的体外产气量(GP)均显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05),且随时间的推移,各牧草间的产气量呈现上升趋势。④6种栽培牧草体外发酵液的pH范围为6.76~6.98。小黑麦和麦宾草的总挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、乙酸和丙酸含量与其他牧草间差异显著(P<0.05),小黑麦的丁酸和戊酸含量最高,草地早熟禾的乙丙比显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05)。6种栽培牧草氨态氮(NH 3-N)浓度范围为84.70~112.60 mg/L。冷地早熟禾的体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05)。⑤小黑麦各单位面积营养成分产量最高,均显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05)。【结论】小黑麦的综合生产性能最优,营养价值较高,可以作为青海高寒地区适宜栽培牧草。【Objective】The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the nutritional value of artificially cultivated grass perennial forages in alpine region of Qinghai,in order to provide reference for the development of high-altitude animal husbandry and the demand for livestock feed.【Method】The experiment focused on common cold regions such as Agropyron cristatum,Lolium perenne L.,Triticale,Elymus tangutorum,Poa crymophila and Poa pratensis L.as research objects,and three adult male yaks were selected as rumen fluid donor animals,while the nutritional value of the pasture grasses was evaluated by in vitro gas production method combined with the pasture grass production.【Result】①The fresh grass yield and dry grass yield of Triticale were significantly higher than those of other grasses(P<0.05).The dry to fresh ratio of Triticale and Elymus tangutorum was low,which was significantly lower than that of other grasses(P<0.05).②The dry matter(DM)and crude protein(CP)contents of Triticale were significantly higher than those of Poa crymophila and Poa pratensis L.(P<0.05).The content of crude ash(Ash),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)was the highest in Poa pratensis L..The ether extract(EE)content of Agropyron cristatum was significantly higher than that of other grasses(P<0.05).The calcium(Ca)content of Triticale was significantly higher than that of other grasses(P<0.05),while the phosphorus(P)content was the same as that of Agropyron cristatum.③The in vitro gas production(GP)of Triticale at 24,48 and 72 h was significantly higher than that of other grasses(P<0.05),and the gas production among six cultivated forages showed an increasing trend over time.④The pH range of in vitro fermentation broth of six cultivated forages was 6.76 to 6.98.There were significant differences in the total volatile fatty acid,acetic acid and propionic acid content between Triticale and Elymus tangutorum compared with other grasses(P<0.05).Triticale had the highest content of butyric acid and valeric acid.Th

关 键 词：高寒地区 体外产气 禾本科牧草 产草量 营养价值 

分 类 号：S813.3[农业科学—畜牧学]