人工智能辅助诊断应用中的伦理探讨与哲学思辨  

Ethical discussions and philosophical reflections on the application of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis

作　　者：李佳明 张曦[2] 杨丽 吴子唯 侯丽[1] LI Jiaming;ZHANG Xi;YANG Li;WU Ziwei;HOU Li(Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100020,China;Department of Philosophy,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;School of Public Health,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院/医学信息研究所/图书馆,北京100020 [2]中山大学哲学系,广东广州510275 [3]浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2024年第9期1037-1045,共9页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程“临床医学数据整合与分析平台”(2021-I2M-1-001)。

摘　　要：医学诊断的思维过程需要综合判断与分析判断。然而在这两种判断过程中,人类的思维有着难以避免的局限性。而随着人工智能技术的发展,符号主义和连接主义能够在一些方面有效弥补人类思维的缺陷,作出更准确的诊断判断,但他们也有各自的局限性。可以想见,符号主义与连接主义的融合发展将助力提升医学辅助诊断能力。但是有关连接主义人工智能的运用依然存在准确度和透明性、可解释性之间的矛盾,由于其透明性和可解释性不足,产生了对人工智能的诸多担忧。通过梳理医学诊断的思维流程、整理人工智能各流派之间的差异以及人工智能背后的语义哲学和真理观念的变革,可在一定程度上纾解对人工智能运用的伦理担忧,推动人工智能在医学诊断领域的实际运用。The thinking process of medical diagnosis requires a comprehensive and analytical judgment.However,in both judgment processes,human thinking has inevitable limitations.With the development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,symbolism and connectionism can effectively compensate for the deficiencies of human thinking in some respects,making more accurate diagnostic judgments,but they also have their limitations.It is conceivable that the integration and development of symbolism and connectionism will assist in enhancing the capabilities of medical-assisted diagnosis.However,there is still a tension between accuracy,transparency,and interpretability regarding the application of connectionism in AI,and many concerns about AI have arisen due to its lack of transparency and interpretability.By sorting out the thought process of medical diagnosis,organizing the differences among various AI paradigms and the changes in semantic philosophy and truth concepts behind AI,ethical concerns about the application of AI can be alleviated to a certain extent,and the practical application of AI in the field of medical diagnosis can be promoted.

关 键 词：人工智能 医学诊断 哲学分析 医学伦理 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]