刑释人员复权制度集成的实践逻辑  

The Practical Logic of the Integration of the Rehabilitation System for Ex-Prisoners

作　　者：王利荣 Wang Lirong

机构地区：[1]广州应用科技学院法政学院 [2]广州应用科技学院广东省城乡文化发展中心 [3]西南政法大学

出　　处：《人权研究》2024年第3期20-37,共18页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金项目“自由刑执行衔接机制研究”(项目号:21&ZD196)。

摘　　要：在犯罪治理体系中,与运用识别技术强化管控特殊人群相比,刑释人员融入普通人生活始终是一个被搁置或被淡忘的话题。面对社会的冷漠和排斥倾向,仅仅摘掉受刑人标签即运行前科消灭机制,仍不足以帮助这类弱势加“另类”群体再社会化。“因犯罪失权—失权法律原因消失—复权—平权”的过程控制,不仅能更新普通人的权利观,提升特定人的权利意识和能力,还能在义务泛化的情形下压实基层政府的职责;逐步压缩特定人被限权的空间,一方面直面普通人与特定人之间存在的权利冲突,另一方面也真正将社会共治构想建立在社会共存基础上。因此,复权制度集成的实践逻辑应当是:在司法因应层面,扩大犯罪记录封存范围,将积极复权措施提前到自由刑执行阶段,运用政策杠杆适度压缩限制从业空间,畅通司法救济渠道限制义务主体的乱作为;在政府作为层面,基于刑释人员再社会化紧密衔接刑事法与行政法,将针对这类人群的专项服务嵌入社会福利、卫生医疗、文化教育、就业指导、劳动保护等普惠体系,消减直接和间接歧视;在社会接纳层面,借助社会工作理念与方法,消除或淡化普通人与出狱人的心理隔膜,还给后者普通人身份。The integration of ex-prisoners into the lives of ordinary people has always been a neglected or forgotten topic in the system of crime management,compared with the use of identification techniques to strengthen the control of special populations.Facing social indifference and rejection,the mere removal of the label of prisoner,i.e.,the operation of the mechanism for the elimination of previous convictions,is still insufficient to help the resocialisation of such a vulnerable group.The process control of“losing rights due to crime—disappearance of legal reasons for losing rights—restoration of rights—equal rights”can not only update the rights concept of ordinary people and enhance the rights awareness and ability of specifi c people,but also can compact the responsibilities of grass-roots government under the situation of generalisation of obligations;gradually compressing the space for specifi c people to have their rights restricted,on the one hand,is facing the confl ict of rights between ordinary people and specifi c people,and on the other hand,is truly establishing the concept of social co-governance on the basis of social coexistence.Therefore,the practical logic of the integration of the rehabilitation system should be as follows:at the judicial level,expand the scope of criminal record sealing,advance the positive restoration measures to the stage of execution of free sentences,apply policy leverage to appropriately compress the space of restricting the practice of the profession,and open up the channels of judicial remedies to limit the arbitrary action of the subject of the obligation;at the level of the government’s action,based on the re-socialisation of ex-prisoners,closely link the criminal law with the administrative law,embed the special services for this kind of people into the social welfare,health care,culture and education,employment guidance and labour protection,so as to reduce direct and indirect discrimination;at the level of social acceptance,use the concepts and methods of

关 键 词：刑释人员 消极复权 积极平权 制度集成 实践逻辑 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]