黄河上游梯级水库沉积物甲烷氧化菌丰度和群落结构特征  

Abundance and Community Structure of Methanotrophs in the Sediment of Cascade Reservoirs in the Upper Yellow River

作　　者：吴艺 毛旭锋[1,2] 刘泽碧 夏亮 金鑫[1,2] 唐文家 于红妍[4] 杜凯 WU Yi;MAO Xufeng;LIU Zebi;XIA Liang;JIN Xin;TANG Wenjia;YU Hongyan;DU Kai(Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Ecological Conservation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau/Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process of Qinghai Province,Xining 810008,P.R.China;School of Geography Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,P.R.China;Environmental Monitoring Center,Department of Ecological Environment of Qinghai Province,Xining 810008,P.R.China;Qinghai Qilian Mountain National Park Qinghai Service Guarantee Center,Xining 810008,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室/青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁810008 [3]青海省生态环境厅生态环境监测中心,青海西宁810008 [4]青海祁连山国家公园青海服务保障中心,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2024年第8期1192-1202,共11页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52070108);青海省自然科学基金项目(2024-ZJ-910)。

摘　　要：甲烷氧化菌(Methanotrophs)是一类可以利用甲烷(CH_(4))作为唯一碳源和能源的细菌,在生态系统碳循环过程中起着重要的作用。为探究黄河上游梯级水库沉积物甲烷氧化菌的群落组成、基因丰度及其影响因素,以黄河上游大河家至龙羊峡段的10座梯级水库为研究对象,通过甲烷氧化菌功能基因(pmo A)高通量测序和实时荧光定量PCR研究黄河上游不同水文期(枯水期、丰水期)和不同库龄(高库龄、低库龄)梯级水库沉积物中甲烷氧化菌的群落组成和基因丰度,利用“rdacca.hp”包及FAPROTAX功能预测分析甲烷氧化菌的影响因素和生态功能。结果表明,1)黄河上游梯级水库沉积物相对丰度排名前3的甲烷氧化菌属分别为甲基孢囊菌属(Methylocystis,22.70%)、甲基杆菌属(Methylobacter,19.00%)和甲基暖菌属(Methylocaldum,7.17%);甲烷氧化菌α多样性和β多样性均表现为丰水期高于枯水期(p<0.05),二者在不同库龄之间差异性不显著(p>0.05)。2)甲烷氧化菌的pmoA基因丰度在枯水期(1.47×10^(5) copies·g^(-1))显著低于丰水期(9.08×10^(5) copies·g^(-1))(p<0.05);空间上,枯水期呈现从上游(3.92×10^(5) copies·g^(-1))到下游(0.50×10^(5) copies·g^(-1))减少的趋势,丰水期呈现为从上游(5.37×10^(5) copies·g^(-1))到下游(26.52×10^(5) copies·g^(-1))增加的趋势。3)水体总有机碳(19.31%)、总氮(16.40%)、沉积物温度(13.03%)和pH(10.40%)是影响甲烷氧化菌群落组成的重要环境因素;甲烷氧化、甲基营养化、烃降解和化能异养是甲烷氧化菌的主要生态功能。梯级水库的建设影响了沉积物甲烷氧化菌群落演替的时空模式。研究结果可为黄河上游梯级水库CH_(4)生物减排提供一定的参考。Methanotrophs can utilize methane (CH_(4)) as the only carbon and energy source and play a crucial role in the carbon cycle of ecosystems.This study aimed to investigate the community composition,gene abundance,and influencing factors of methanotrophs in the sediments of ten cascade reservoirs from Dahejia to Longyangxia in the upper Yellow River.The community composition of methanotrophs and pmo A gene abundance in different seasons (Dry and Wet) and reservoir ages (Old and Young) were studied using pmo A gene high-throughput sequencing and fluorescence quantitative PCR.The"rdacca.hp"package and FAPROTAX were used to analyze methanotrophs influencing factors and metabolic functions,respectively.The results showed that 1) Methylocystis (22.70%),Methylobacter (19.00%),and Methylocaldum (7.17%) were the top three genera of methanotrophs in terms of their relative abundance in the sediment of the upper Yellow River.The α and β diversities of the methanotrophs were higher in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05),and there were no significant differences among the different reservoir ages (p>0.05).2) The pmo A gene abundance in the dry season (1.47×10^(5) copies·g^(-1)) was significantly lower than that in the wet season (9.08×10^(5) copies·g^(-1))(p<0.05).In the dry season,there was a decreasing trend from upstream (3.92×10^(5) copies·g^(-1)) to downstream (0.50×10^(5) copies·g^(-1)).However,an increasing trend from upstream (5.37×10^(5) copies·g^(-1)) to downstream (26.52×10^(5) copies·g^(-1)) was observed in the wet season.3) Water total organic carbon (19.31%),total nitrogen (16.40%),sediment temperature (13.03%),and pH (10.40%) were important environmental factors affecting the composition of the methanotrophic communities.Methanotrophy,methylotrophy,hydrocarbon degradation,and chemoheterotrophy were the main metabolic functions of methanotrophic communities.The construction of cascade reservoirs affects the temporal and spatial patterns of sediment methanotrophic community succession,and t

关 键 词：甲烷氧化菌 PMOA CH_(4) 荧光定量 功能预测 青藏高原 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学] X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]